The Saline County Road and Bridge Department announced this morning that a closed section of Assaria Road has been reopened.

Assaria Road between South Woodward Road and South Cunningham Road was closed last week for the replacement of a cross-road drainage culvert.

The Saline County Road and Bridge Department announced this morning that a closed section of Assaria Road has been reopened.Assaria Road between South Woodward Road and South Cunningham Road was closed last week for the replacement of a cross-road drainage culvert.

Saline County reopens closed section of Assaria Road

On March 31, early in this COVID-19 pandemic, some researchers proposed a very controversial method to speed up research into the effectiveness of proposed new vaccines that were in the first stages of development: human challenge trials.

The normal process for testing candidate vaccines involves vaccination trials in a large number of citizens in a region where the pandemic was common, giving half the vaccine and half a placebo. Then you waited over time until some became naturally infected. If those infected were mostly or all in the placebo group, then as these numbers increased it indicated that the vaccine was effective. That would take trials involving 30,000 to 40,000 subjects and enough time to pass for natural infection to occur in a population that was also social distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands. &nbsp;

“Human challenge trials” would dramatically speed up testing vaccine effectiveness. It would replace this conventional Phase 3 testing by giving volunteers the new vaccine and a few weeks to develop antibodies, and then directly infect these volunteers with the coronavirus. But since there is the potential of death from this virus if the vaccine was ineffective, human challenge trials became a major bioethics debate. On the one side was the benefit of saving many lives by speeding up the evaluation and getting the vaccine to market faster, reducing the global burden.

However, since the fatality rate is lower—but not zero—for younger persons, this posed a dilemma of informed consent. Do we understand enough to know the risk? Many young volunteers came forth. It was proposed that they would be followed closely after being infected, and would receive the best care available if the vaccine did not work. However, now that we are seeing data from the regular 30,000-40,000-vaccination studies using natural infection makes this debate moot.

That leaves a different ethical dilemma that is easier to solve. Half of the participants in these large scale trials received a placebo, which means that they were not protected. At what point in the data analysis over time can we be sure that the vaccine is effective? And when we know that, what do we do for those who received the placebo? &nbsp;

This is not a new dilemma. In trials where a possible medication for a serious ailment is tested on subjects all suffering from that ailment, when a treatment shows dramatic improvement in early stages, the trial is stopped and those who received the placebo now also receive the new treatment.&nbsp; That now appears to be the offer made to those in these trials showing the effectiveness of the mRNA vaccines.

A third vaccine dilemma is occurring with the longstanding polio eradication effort. Folks over 70 will remember the “Mother’s March of Dimes” that funded vaccine research. Jonas Salk was the first with a vaccine based on a totally inactivated polio virus. Although sometimes called a “dead” virus, viruses are never living. These encapsulated bits of DNA or RNA only float around lifelessly until they come in contact with the right host cell, where they are taken in and reproduced. In the mid to late 1950s, to be protected, each person needed the polio shots and they were safe.

But Albert Sabin soon came up with an attenuated polio virus that was administered first by sugar cube, and then by a few drops on the tongue. This polio virus had been passed through animal cells until it was weakened to where it did not cause polio. But it was taken in by intestinal cells, replicated, and shed by the vaccinated person. Close members of the family would then pick up this virus and grow and shed it, also making antibodies and becoming immune. Sabin’s oral vaccine indirectly vaccinated the family and others close to them. The polio immunization program accelerated worldwide.

But there was a problem with the Sabin oral vaccine mutating back to causing full-blown polio paralysis. It happened rarely. Today, wild polio remains a problem in Pakistan and Afghanistan where the science-ignorant Taliban considers it an attempt to sterilize them. But polio has re-emerged this year with over 600 cases in Africa. All of these cases are oral vaccine-caused cases, where the oral vaccine evolves back into the virulent strain. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has paid for 200 million doses of a more stable oral vaccine to be produced in an attempt to continue the worldwide eradication of polio. Only 1200 persons are in the clinical trials, but it must get emergency approval now to defeat this crippling disease.&nbsp;&nbsp;

John Richard Schrock has trained biology teachers for more than 30 years in Kansas. He also has lectured at 27 universities in 20 trips to China. He holds the distinction of “Faculty Emeritus” at Emporia State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573490075841.jpeg" alt="John Richard Schrock" />
 <figcaption>John Richard Schrock</figcaption>
 </figure>By JOHN RICHARD SCHROCKOn March 31, early in this COVID-19 pandemic, some researchers proposed a very controversial method to speed up research into the effectiveness of proposed new vaccines that were in the first stages of development: human challenge trials. The normal process for testing candidate vaccines involves vaccination trials in a large number of citizens in a region where the pandemic was common, giving half the vaccine and half a placebo. Then you waited over time until some became naturally infected. If those infected were mostly or all in the placebo group, then as these numbers increased it indicated that the vaccine was effective. That would take trials involving 30,000 to 40,000 subjects and enough time to pass for natural infection to occur in a population that was also social distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands. &nbsp; “Human challenge trials” would dramatically speed up testing vaccine effectiveness. It would replace this conventional Phase 3 testing by giving volunteers the new vaccine and a few weeks to develop antibodies, and then directly infect these volunteers with the coronavirus. But since there is the potential of death from this virus if the vaccine was ineffective, human challenge trials became a major bioethics debate. On the one side was the benefit of saving many lives by speeding up the evaluation and getting the vaccine to market faster, reducing the global burden. However, since the fatality rate is lower—but not zero—for younger persons, this posed a dilemma of informed consent. Do we understand enough to know the risk? Many young volunteers came forth. It was proposed that they would be followed closely after being infected, and would receive the best care available if the vaccine did not work. However, now that we are seeing data from the regular 30,000-40,000-vaccination studies using natural infection makes this debate moot. That leaves a different ethical dilemma that is easier to solve. Half of the participants in these large scale trials received a placebo, which means that they were not protected. At what point in the data analysis over time can we be sure that the vaccine is effective? And when we know that, what do we do for those who received the placebo? &nbsp; This is not a new dilemma. In trials where a possible medication for a serious ailment is tested on subjects all suffering from that ailment, when a treatment shows dramatic improvement in early stages, the trial is stopped and those who received the placebo now also receive the new treatment.&nbsp; That now appears to be the offer made to those in these trials showing the effectiveness of the mRNA vaccines. A third vaccine dilemma is occurring with the longstanding polio eradication effort. Folks over 70 will remember the “Mother’s March of Dimes” that funded vaccine research. Jonas Salk was the first with a vaccine based on a totally inactivated polio virus. Although sometimes called a “dead” virus, viruses are never living. These encapsulated bits of DNA or RNA only float around lifelessly until they come in contact with the right host cell, where they are taken in and reproduced. In the mid to late 1950s, to be protected, each person needed the polio shots and they were safe. But Albert Sabin soon came up with an attenuated polio virus that was administered first by sugar cube, and then by a few drops on the tongue. This polio virus had been passed through animal cells until it was weakened to where it did not cause polio. But it was taken in by intestinal cells, replicated, and shed by the vaccinated person. Close members of the family would then pick up this virus and grow and shed it, also making antibodies and becoming immune. Sabin’s oral vaccine indirectly vaccinated the family and others close to them. The polio immunization program accelerated worldwide. But there was a problem with the Sabin oral vaccine mutating back to causing full-blown polio paralysis. It happened rarely. Today, wild polio remains a problem in Pakistan and Afghanistan where the science-ignorant Taliban considers it an attempt to sterilize them. But polio has re-emerged this year with over 600 cases in Africa. All of these cases are oral vaccine-caused cases, where the oral vaccine evolves back into the virulent strain. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has paid for 200 million doses of a more stable oral vaccine to be produced in an attempt to continue the worldwide eradication of polio. Only 1200 persons are in the clinical trials, but it must get emergency approval now to defeat this crippling disease.&nbsp;&nbsp;John Richard Schrock has trained biology teachers for more than 30 years in Kansas. He also has lectured at 27 universities in 20 trips to China. He holds the distinction of “Faculty Emeritus” at Emporia State University.

EDUCATION FRONTLINES: Vaccination ethics

Debut program gives youth a look at the life of a kernel of wheat

MANHATTAN – On an otherwise routine Thursday night in mid-November, about 40 Kansas 4-H members were transported by computer screen to a flour mill and baking lab on the Kansas State University campus.&nbsp;

Such is the life of online learning during a global pandemic, though this trip was symbolic. The one-hour journey marked the kickoff of a program – called Bring Your 4-H Projects to Life -- that aims to connect youth to college and career opportunities related to their interests.&nbsp;

“Not only does this provide an additional opportunity for youth to learn about their 4-H projects, but it is also purposeful programming to enhance our mission toward career readiness,” said Lindsey Mueting, a 4-H youth development agent in McPherson County.&nbsp;

Mueting and Sarah Maass, a 4-H youth development agent in the Central Kansas extension district, developed the series to run on the second Thursday of each month. Each month’s program will connect youth to professionals currently working in an area related to one of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/projects" target="_blank">34 projects offered by Kansas 4-H</a>.&nbsp;

“We are making connections with new people and using our amazing resource of the university to bring college and career ideas and opportunities to our 4-H youth,” Mueting said.&nbsp;

On its maiden voyage, the program took the youth and their parents to the inner-workings of the K-State Department of Grain Science and Industry, where faculty members walked them through the life of a kernel of wheat as it is taken from a farm field, processed into flour, made into dough, and formed into scones for baking.&nbsp;

Jason Watt, the Buhler Instructor of Milling at K-State, explained the anatomy of a wheat kernel and explained how three parts – the bran, germ and endosperm – are all needed for whole wheat flour.&nbsp;

He used simple equipment to show the youth how a kernel is first cleaned, then crushed to its finest form. The process he demonstrated was tedious when done by hand; larger, more automated equipment gets the job done in just a fraction of the time.&nbsp;

“How long does it take to process one pound of flour?” one youth asked.&nbsp;

On a small scale – such as what Watt demonstrated – the answer is 30 minutes. But, he said: “The average wheat flour mill will make 750,000 pounds of flour a day, to upwards of 1.2 million pounds of flour a day. If you’re talking about one pound of flour…well, probably just a few seconds.”&nbsp;

Up the hallway, baking science instructor Aaron Clanton, was preparing dough to make scones. As the online learning shifted to his baking lab, he began with a chemistry lesson on the important differences associated with using baking powder or baking soda in recipes.&nbsp;

“Both are leavening agents which cause baked goods to rise,” he said, “but they are not created equal.”&nbsp;

Clanton then showed how each product reacted to cold water, hot water and vinegar. Baking powder, which contains both an acid and an alkaline component, bubbled as it interacted with each ingredient. Baking soda, which does not contain acid, only reacts when it is combined with an acid, such as vinegar.&nbsp;

The lesson became more clear when Clanton showed examples of scones made with each ingredient. The scones with baking powder rose to a good height and color with fluffy air pockets in the middle. The one’s without baking powder were flat and crumbly.&nbsp;

“There is a lot of science involved in baking,” said Clanton, a 4-H member as a youth. “It’s a very rewarding thing to learn about. It’s something you can learn about in your 4-H foods project, and as you go on, you’ll learn that the food industry relies on a lot of science to make products.”&nbsp;

Each of the youth received baking ingredients and a recipe to make their own scones at home. In the week following the online lesson, they were encouraged to post pictures, videos and description of their own scones online, Mueting said.&nbsp;

“The pandemic definitely brought about a new way of thinking for educators and our families,” Mueting said. “I don't think something like this would have come about a year ago, but there are some changes we made that I hope we as extension professionals don't ever lose. Stepping outside our comfort zones to collaborate between units on projects has been a blessing that hopefully extends well past the pandemic.”&nbsp;

Gordon Smith, head of the Department of Grain Science and Industry, said the interaction with the 4-H youth was mutually beneficial. He hopes some of those kids will develop an early connection to the university and eventually choose to get their own education on campus.&nbsp;

“Extension agents are part of our family,” Smith said. “We’re all committed to the education of students at any age. And we believe that you guys (the 4-H youth) are the future.”&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606101164708.jpeg" alt="Katelyn and Wyatt Griffin, members of the Smoky View 4-H Club, participated in the online project. Photo courtesy Smoky View 4-H Club" />
 <figcaption>Katelyn and Wyatt Griffin, members of the Smoky View 4-H Club, participated in the online project. Photo courtesy Smoky View 4-H Club</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Debut program gives youth a look at the life of a kernel of wheat</h2>MANHATTAN – On an otherwise routine Thursday night in mid-November, about 40 Kansas 4-H members were transported by computer screen to a flour mill and baking lab on the Kansas State University campus.&nbsp;Such is the life of online learning during a global pandemic, though this trip was symbolic. The one-hour journey marked the kickoff of a program – called Bring Your 4-H Projects to Life -- that aims to connect youth to college and career opportunities related to their interests.&nbsp;“Not only does this provide an additional opportunity for youth to learn about their 4-H projects, but it is also purposeful programming to enhance our mission toward career readiness,” said Lindsey Mueting, a 4-H youth development agent in McPherson County.&nbsp;Mueting and Sarah Maass, a 4-H youth development agent in the Central Kansas extension district, developed the series to run on the second Thursday of each month. Each month’s program will connect youth to professionals currently working in an area related to one of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/projects" target="_blank">34 projects offered by Kansas 4-H</a>.&nbsp;“We are making connections with new people and using our amazing resource of the university to bring college and career ideas and opportunities to our 4-H youth,” Mueting said.&nbsp;On its maiden voyage, the program took the youth and their parents to the inner-workings of the K-State Department of Grain Science and Industry, where faculty members walked them through the life of a kernel of wheat as it is taken from a farm field, processed into flour, made into dough, and formed into scones for baking.&nbsp;Jason Watt, the Buhler Instructor of Milling at K-State, explained the anatomy of a wheat kernel and explained how three parts – the bran, germ and endosperm – are all needed for whole wheat flour.&nbsp;He used simple equipment to show the youth how a kernel is first cleaned, then crushed to its finest form. The process he demonstrated was tedious when done by hand; larger, more automated equipment gets the job done in just a fraction of the time.&nbsp;“How long does it take to process one pound of flour?” one youth asked.&nbsp;On a small scale – such as what Watt demonstrated – the answer is 30 minutes. But, he said: “The average wheat flour mill will make 750,000 pounds of flour a day, to upwards of 1.2 million pounds of flour a day. If you’re talking about one pound of flour…well, probably just a few seconds.”&nbsp;Up the hallway, baking science instructor Aaron Clanton, was preparing dough to make scones. As the online learning shifted to his baking lab, he began with a chemistry lesson on the important differences associated with using baking powder or baking soda in recipes.&nbsp;“Both are leavening agents which cause baked goods to rise,” he said, “but they are not created equal.”&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606101731329.jpeg" alt="Aaron Clanton, a baking science instructor in K-State’s Department of Grain Science and Industry, gave Kansas 4-Her members a chemistry lesson on the important differences associated with using baking powder or baking soda in recipes. Photo courtesy KSRE" />
 <figcaption>Aaron Clanton, a baking science instructor in K-State’s Department of Grain Science and Industry, gave Kansas 4-Her members a chemistry lesson on the important differences associated with using baking powder or baking soda in recipes. Photo courtesy KSRE</figcaption>
 </figure>Clanton then showed how each product reacted to cold water, hot water and vinegar. Baking powder, which contains both an acid and an alkaline component, bubbled as it interacted with each ingredient. Baking soda, which does not contain acid, only reacts when it is combined with an acid, such as vinegar.&nbsp;The lesson became more clear when Clanton showed examples of scones made with each ingredient. The scones with baking powder rose to a good height and color with fluffy air pockets in the middle. The one’s without baking powder were flat and crumbly.&nbsp;“There is a lot of science involved in baking,” said Clanton, a 4-H member as a youth. “It’s a very rewarding thing to learn about. It’s something you can learn about in your 4-H foods project, and as you go on, you’ll learn that the food industry relies on a lot of science to make products.”&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606101942629.jpeg" alt="Smoky View 4-H members Acacia, Eian, and Maia Pracht make scones as a part of the project. Photo courtesy Smoky View 4-H Club" />
 <figcaption>Smoky View 4-H members Acacia, Eian, and Maia Pracht make scones as a part of the project. Photo courtesy Smoky View 4-H Club</figcaption>
 </figure>Each of the youth received baking ingredients and a recipe to make their own scones at home. In the week following the online lesson, they were encouraged to post pictures, videos and description of their own scones online, Mueting said.&nbsp;“The pandemic definitely brought about a new way of thinking for educators and our families,” Mueting said. “I don't think something like this would have come about a year ago, but there are some changes we made that I hope we as extension professionals don't ever lose. Stepping outside our comfort zones to collaborate between units on projects has been a blessing that hopefully extends well past the pandemic.”&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606102333228.jpeg" alt="Smoky View 4-H Club members Eddie and Emma Littich made chocolate chip and coconut scones as a part of the project. Photo courtesy&nbsp; Smoky View 4-H Club" />
 <figcaption>Smoky View 4-H Club members Eddie and Emma Littich made chocolate chip and coconut scones as a part of the project. Photo courtesy&nbsp; Smoky View 4-H Club</figcaption>
 </figure>Gordon Smith, head of the Department of Grain Science and Industry, said the interaction with the 4-H youth was mutually beneficial. He hopes some of those kids will develop an early connection to the university and eventually choose to get their own education on campus.&nbsp;“Extension agents are part of our family,” Smith said. “We’re all committed to the education of students at any age. And we believe that you guys (the 4-H youth) are the future.”&nbsp;

From field to scone: K-State grain scientists bring life to 4-Her’s projects

Today is Monday, Nov. 23, the 328th day of 2020. There are 38 days left in the year. 

On Nov. 23, 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson proclaimed Nov. 25 a day of national mourning following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

In 1887, actor Boris Karloff was born William Henry Pratt in London.

In 1914, the seven-month U.S. military occupation of Veracruz, Mexico, ended. 

In 1936, Life, the photojournalism magazine created by Henry R. Luce, was first published. 

In 1971, the People's Republic of China was seated in the U.N. Security Council. 

In 1980, some 2,600 people were killed by a series of earthquakes that devastated southern Italy. 

In 1996, a commandeered Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 767 crashed into the water off the Comoros Islands, killing 125 of the 175 people on board, including all three hijackers. 

In 2000, in a setback for Al Gore, the Florida Supreme Court refused to order Miami-Dade County officials to resume hand-counting its election-day ballots. Meanwhile, Gore's lawyers argued in a brief filed with the U.S. Supreme Court that the high court should stay out of the Florida election controversy. 

In 2001, the U.N. war crimes tribunal said it would try former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic for genocide in Bosnia, linking him for the first time in court to the murders of thousands of non-Serbs and the displacement of a quarter million people. (Milosevic died in March 2006 while his trial was in progress.) 

In 2003, five U.S. soldiers were killed in a helicopter crash in Afghanistan. Eduard Shevardnadze resigned as president of Georgia in the face of protests. 

In 2006, former KGB spy Alexander Litvinenko died in London from radiation poisoning after making a deathbed statement blaming Russian President Vladimir Putin. 

In 2012, supporters and opponents of Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi clashed in the streets of Cairo and other major cities in the worst violence since Morsi took office nearly five months earlier. Actor Larry Hagman, best known for playing the scheming oil baron J.R. Ewing on TV's "Dallas," died in Dallas at the age of 81. 

In 2016, President-elect Donald Trump selected two Republican women who'd had unflattering things to say about him during the campaign: South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley to serve as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and charter school advocate Betsy DeVos to lead the Department of Education.

Ten years ago: North Korea bombarded South Korea's Yeonpyeong Island with artillery fire, killing four people and raising tensions between the two countries. Texas outfielder Josh Hamilton was a runaway winner of the American League's Most Valuable Player award. Ingrid Pitt, who'd survived a Nazi concentration camp and dodged Communist police to become one of Britain's best known horror stars, died in London at 73.

Five years ago: The White House urged its allies to step up their contributions to the campaign against the Islamic State, as President Barack Obama faced pressure to show the U.S.-led coalition would intensify efforts even without a major shift in strategy. Blue Origin, a private space company, landed a rocket called New Shepard upright and gently enough to be used again, a milestone in commercial aeronautics. Cynthia Robinson, 71, a trumpeter and vocalist who was a key member of Sly and the Family Stone, died in Carmichael, California.

One year ago: Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Mason Rudolph was fined $50,000 by the NFL for his involvement in a melee that began when Cleveland Browns defensive end Myles Garrett pulled off his helmet and hit him over the head with it. (In all, the league assessed more than $700,000 for discipline stemming from the brawl; Garrett was indefinitely suspended.) Beginning a three-day visit to Japan, Pope Francis denounced the "evil" of nuclear weapons.

Today's Birthdays: Former Labor Secretary William E. Brock is 90. Actor Franco Nero is 79. Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas is 76. Actor-comedy writer Bruce Vilanch is 73. Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., is 70. Singer Bruce Hornsby is 66. Former Sen. Mary Landrieu, D-La., is 65. Actor Maxwell Caulfield is 61. Actor John Henton is 60. TV personality Robin Roberts ("Good Morning America") is 60. Rock singer-musician Ken Block (Sister Hazel) is 54. Actor Salli Richardson-Whitfield is 53. Actor Oded Fehr is 50. Rapper-actor Kurupt (Tha Dogg Pound) is 48. Actor Page Kennedy is 44. Actor Kelly Brook is 41. Actor Lucas Grabeel is 36. TV personality Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi is 33. Actor-singer Miley Cyrus is 28. Actor Austin Majors is 25. Actor Olivia Keville (TV: "Splitting Up Together") is 18.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>By THE ASSOCIATED PRESSToday in History Today is Monday, Nov. 23, the 328th day of 2020. There are 38 days left in the year. Today's Highlight in History: On Nov. 23, 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson proclaimed Nov. 25 a day of national mourning following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.On this date: In 1887, actor Boris Karloff was born William Henry Pratt in London.In 1914, the seven-month U.S. military occupation of Veracruz, Mexico, ended. In 1936, Life, the photojournalism magazine created by Henry R. Luce, was first published. In 1971, the People's Republic of China was seated in the U.N. Security Council. In 1980, some 2,600 people were killed by a series of earthquakes that devastated southern Italy. In 1996, a commandeered Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 767 crashed into the water off the Comoros Islands, killing 125 of the 175 people on board, including all three hijackers. In 2000, in a setback for Al Gore, the Florida Supreme Court refused to order Miami-Dade County officials to resume hand-counting its election-day ballots. Meanwhile, Gore's lawyers argued in a brief filed with the U.S. Supreme Court that the high court should stay out of the Florida election controversy. In 2001, the U.N. war crimes tribunal said it would try former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic for genocide in Bosnia, linking him for the first time in court to the murders of thousands of non-Serbs and the displacement of a quarter million people. (Milosevic died in March 2006 while his trial was in progress.) In 2003, five U.S. soldiers were killed in a helicopter crash in Afghanistan. Eduard Shevardnadze resigned as president of Georgia in the face of protests. In 2006, former KGB spy Alexander Litvinenko died in London from radiation poisoning after making a deathbed statement blaming Russian President Vladimir Putin. In 2012, supporters and opponents of Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi clashed in the streets of Cairo and other major cities in the worst violence since Morsi took office nearly five months earlier. Actor Larry Hagman, best known for playing the scheming oil baron J.R. Ewing on TV's "Dallas," died in Dallas at the age of 81. In 2016, President-elect Donald Trump selected two Republican women who'd had unflattering things to say about him during the campaign: South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley to serve as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and charter school advocate Betsy DeVos to lead the Department of Education.Ten years ago: North Korea bombarded South Korea's Yeonpyeong Island with artillery fire, killing four people and raising tensions between the two countries. Texas outfielder Josh Hamilton was a runaway winner of the American League's Most Valuable Player award. Ingrid Pitt, who'd survived a Nazi concentration camp and dodged Communist police to become one of Britain's best known horror stars, died in London at 73.Five years ago: The White House urged its allies to step up their contributions to the campaign against the Islamic State, as President Barack Obama faced pressure to show the U.S.-led coalition would intensify efforts even without a major shift in strategy. Blue Origin, a private space company, landed a rocket called New Shepard upright and gently enough to be used again, a milestone in commercial aeronautics. Cynthia Robinson, 71, a trumpeter and vocalist who was a key member of Sly and the Family Stone, died in Carmichael, California.One year ago: Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Mason Rudolph was fined $50,000 by the NFL for his involvement in a melee that began when Cleveland Browns defensive end Myles Garrett pulled off his helmet and hit him over the head with it. (In all, the league assessed more than $700,000 for discipline stemming from the brawl; Garrett was indefinitely suspended.) Beginning a three-day visit to Japan, Pope Francis denounced the "evil" of nuclear weapons.Today's Birthdays: Former Labor Secretary William E. Brock is 90. Actor Franco Nero is 79. Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas is 76. Actor-comedy writer Bruce Vilanch is 73. Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., is 70. Singer Bruce Hornsby is 66. Former Sen. Mary Landrieu, D-La., is 65. Actor Maxwell Caulfield is 61. Actor John Henton is 60. TV personality Robin Roberts ("Good Morning America") is 60. Rock singer-musician Ken Block (Sister Hazel) is 54. Actor Salli Richardson-Whitfield is 53. Actor Oded Fehr is 50. Rapper-actor Kurupt (Tha Dogg Pound) is 48. Actor Page Kennedy is 44. Actor Kelly Brook is 41. Actor Lucas Grabeel is 36. TV personality Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi is 33. Actor-singer Miley Cyrus is 28. Actor Austin Majors is 25. Actor Olivia Keville (TV: "Splitting Up Together") is 18.

Today in History -- Nov. 23

The start of the week will have high temperatures around 50 degrees on Monday and near 60 degrees on Tuesday, according to the National Weather Service (NWS) in Wichita. 

Additionally, scattered showers are possible on Monday. There are increasing chances of showers and thunderstorms on Tuesday with a few strong to severe storms possible in the afternoon, NWS noted.

What does the forecast look like for Thanksgiving? High temperatures are expected to be in the 50s with winds around 10 to 15 mph. No precipitation is expected, so it will be a nice day to get outside for a stroll before or after your holiday meal, NWS suggested.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606090845604.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The start of the week will have high temperatures around 50 degrees on Monday and near 60 degrees on Tuesday, according to the National Weather Service (NWS) in Wichita. Additionally, scattered showers are possible on Monday. There are increasing chances of showers and thunderstorms on Tuesday with a few strong to severe storms possible in the afternoon, NWS noted.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606090894247.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>What does the forecast look like for Thanksgiving? High temperatures are expected to be in the 50s with winds around 10 to 15 mph. No precipitation is expected, so it will be a nice day to get outside for a stroll before or after your holiday meal, NWS suggested.

NWS: Cool with chance for rain to begin week; Thanksgiving preview

Salina City Commissioners face a busy agenda as they switch to meeting via Zoom Monday.

The city announced late Friday that as of Monday, all city commission study sessions and meetings would take place via Zoom until further notice. The meeting format revision was made to align with the mass gathering limitations imposed by a Saline County Public Health Order that was issued Friday.

READ: <a href="https://salinapost.com/posts/46682045-45df-46f2-9bc5-e1f6eec9dc0f">New county public health order puts restrictions on indoor gatherings</a>

The city meetings can be viewed at the City of Salina YouTube channel, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas">https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas</a>.

To participate in the meetings, citizens will need to use the Zoom link - <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587">https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587</a>.

If citizens wish to speak, either during the public forum or when the mayor requests public comment on an item, citizens must raise their hand so that the meeting host can allow them to speak.

Citizens can also send written comments or questions to city commissioners via email at <a href="mailto:citycommission@salina.org">citycommission@salina.org</a>. In order for the commissioners to have an opportunity to review comments in advance of the meeting, please email comments or questions by 5 p.m. the Sunday prior to the Monday meetings.

Commissioners are scheduled to begin with a 2:30 p.m. study session discussion on 2021 CIP &amp; Sub-CIP.

The regular commission meeting is scheduled to begin at 4 p.m. A time for public comment is scheduled near the beginning of the meeting.

During the meeting, the commissioners are scheduled to consider several COVID-19 related items, including the following.

●Commissioners are scheduled to review the county's public health order and decide whether to amend it for the City of Salina.

●They also are scheduled to hear the first, and possibly second, reading of Ordinance  No.  20-11045  requiring  the  wearing  of  masks  or  other  face coverings in public spaces.

●Additionally, commissioners are being asked to reconsider Salina Fieldhouse scheduling.

Other items on the city agenda for Monday include the following.

●Conduct a public  hearing  to  consider  adoption  of  Resolution  No.  20-7901  declaring  a  certain  structure  located  at  120  South  Penn  Avenue,  in  the  City  of  Salina,  to  be  unsafe and dangerous; directing that the structure be repaired or removed; and establishing a reasonable amount of time within which the repair or removal of such structures shall commence and be completed.

●Consider Resolution  No.  20-7899 addressing  the  policy  of  the  City  of  Salina regarding  participation  in  the  Law  Enforcement  Support  Office  (LESO)/1033 Military Surplus Program.

●Consider Resolution No.  20-7907  authorizing  the  mayor  to  execute  Change  Order  No. 1  to  the original agreement for professional services with TUSA Consulting Services for Phase III of the Countywide 800 Mhz Radio System.  

●Consider Resolution  No.  20-7897  authorizing  the  mayor  to  execute  an  agreement  with  Axon  Enterprise,  Inc.  for  the  sole-source  purchase  of  22  new  Axon  Fleet  2  In-Car  Video  Cameras,  Three  (3)  Interview  Camera  Systems,  software  licensing,  storage and ancillary equipment. 

●Consider Resolution  No.  20-7903  declaring  all  areas  between  Kenwood  Park  Drive  in  Kenwood  Park  to  be  considered  as  a  qualified  facility  under  the  City  of  Salina  Municipal Facilities Naming Guidelines.

●Hear the second  reading  of Ordinance  No.  20-11044 levying  Salina  Business  Improvement  District No. 1 service fees for 2021.

●Consider authorizing  publication  of  the  Notice  of  Budget  Hearing  for  the  2020  Amended  Budget.

●Consider Resolution  No.  20-7902  authorizing  the  mayor  to  execute  an  amended  and  restated License Agreement with Lee Lofts Partners, LLC.

●Consider    acceptance    of    offered    utility    and    drainage    easements    for    infrastructure serving Magnolia Hills Estates Addition No. 2 and acceptance of a stormwater detention pond for City ownership and maintenance.

-Authorize  the  mayor  to  accept  an  off-site  utility  easement  and  two  drainage easements on behalf of the city.

-Consider Resolution  No.  20-7905  authorizing  the  mayor  to  execute  an  agreement  with  Magnolia  Hills,  Inc.  for  the  dedication  and  acceptance  of  a  storm  water detention pond serving Magnolia Hills Estates Addition No. 2.

●Consider Resolution  No.  20-7908 authorizing  the  mayor  to  execute  a  Third  Amendment  to  Transferee  Agreement  with  Salina  Educational  Automotive  Museum  of  America, Inc.

To view the entire Salina City Commission meeting packet (929 pages), <a href="http://weblink.salina.org/WebLink/Browse.aspx?startid=177362&amp;&amp;dbid=0&amp;cr=1">click here</a>.

Salina City Commissioners face a busy agenda as they switch to meeting via Zoom Monday.The city announced late Friday that as of Monday, all city commission study sessions and meetings would take place via Zoom until further notice. The meeting format revision was made to align with the mass gathering limitations imposed by a Saline County Public Health Order that was issued Friday.READ: <a href="https://salinapost.com/posts/46682045-45df-46f2-9bc5-e1f6eec9dc0f">New county public health order puts restrictions on indoor gatherings</a>The city meetings can be viewed at the City of Salina YouTube channel, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas">https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas</a>.To participate in the meetings, citizens will need to use the Zoom link - <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587">https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587</a>.If citizens wish to speak, either during the public forum or when the mayor requests public comment on an item, citizens must raise their hand so that the meeting host can allow them to speak.Citizens can also send written comments or questions to city commissioners via email at <a href="mailto:citycommission@salina.org">citycommission@salina.org</a>. In order for the commissioners to have an opportunity to review comments in advance of the meeting, please email comments or questions by 5 p.m. the Sunday prior to the Monday meetings.Commissioners are scheduled to begin with a 2:30 p.m. study session discussion on 2021 CIP &amp; Sub-CIP.The regular commission meeting is scheduled to begin at 4 p.m. A time for public comment is scheduled near the beginning of the meeting.During the meeting, the commissioners are scheduled to consider several COVID-19 related items, including the following.●Commissioners are scheduled to review the county's public health order and decide whether to amend it for the City of Salina.●They also are scheduled to hear the first, and possibly second, reading of Ordinance No. 20-11045 requiring the wearing of masks or other face coverings in public spaces.●Additionally, commissioners are being asked to reconsider Salina Fieldhouse scheduling.Other items on the city agenda for Monday include the following.●Conduct a public hearing to consider adoption of Resolution No. 20-7901 declaring a certain structure located at 120 South Penn Avenue, in the City of Salina, to be unsafe and dangerous; directing that the structure be repaired or removed; and establishing a reasonable amount of time within which the repair or removal of such structures shall commence and be completed.●Consider Resolution No. 20-7899 addressing the policy of the City of Salina regarding participation in the Law Enforcement Support Office (LESO)/1033 Military Surplus Program.●Consider Resolution No. 20-7907 authorizing the mayor to execute Change Order No. 1 to the original agreement for professional services with TUSA Consulting Services for Phase III of the Countywide 800 Mhz Radio System. ●Consider Resolution No. 20-7897 authorizing the mayor to execute an agreement with Axon Enterprise, Inc. for the sole-source purchase of 22 new Axon Fleet 2 In-Car Video Cameras, Three (3) Interview Camera Systems, software licensing, storage and ancillary equipment. ●Consider Resolution No. 20-7903 declaring all areas between Kenwood Park Drive in Kenwood Park to be considered as a qualified facility under the City of Salina Municipal Facilities Naming Guidelines.●Hear the second reading of Ordinance No. 20-11044 levying Salina Business Improvement District No. 1 service fees for 2021.●Consider authorizing publication of the Notice of Budget Hearing for the 2020 Amended Budget.●Consider Resolution No. 20-7902 authorizing the mayor to execute an amended and restated License Agreement with Lee Lofts Partners, LLC.●Consider acceptance of offered utility and drainage easements for infrastructure serving Magnolia Hills Estates Addition No. 2 and acceptance of a stormwater detention pond for City ownership and maintenance.-Authorize the mayor to accept an off-site utility easement and two drainage easements on behalf of the city.-Consider Resolution No. 20-7905 authorizing the mayor to execute an agreement with Magnolia Hills, Inc. for the dedication and acceptance of a storm water detention pond serving Magnolia Hills Estates Addition No. 2.●Consider Resolution No. 20-7908 authorizing the mayor to execute a Third Amendment to Transferee Agreement with Salina Educational Automotive Museum of America, Inc.To view the entire Salina City Commission meeting packet (929 pages), <a href="http://weblink.salina.org/WebLink/Browse.aspx?startid=177362&amp;&amp;dbid=0&amp;cr=1">click here</a>.

COVID-19 issues, military surplus program on city agenda

By RON WILSON Kansas State University

Some days I feel pulled in different directions. Probably lots of people feel that way these days. Today we’ll meet a company that finds its products are definitely being pulled in lots of different directions – but that’s a good thing. That’s because this company makes livestock trailers that are pulled by trucks from Kansas to locations all across the continent.&nbsp;

Jeff Grieshaber is co-owner and manager of TravAlum Trailers, produced by Liberty Inc. in Manhattan. From its home base in Kansas, this company’s trailers are being pulled in lots of different directions.&nbsp;

TravAlum Trailers has its roots in the Travalong trailer company which was based in Waterville. In 1991, Jeff’s father, Tom, and two other gentlemen bought the Travalong company. Jeff came on board in 1992.&nbsp;

Travalong Trailers were built from steel. In 1995, this group also bought an aluminum stock-trailer business in southwest Missouri. After operating two facilities for a number of years, they brought that business to Kansas. In 2014, they sold the steel factory at Waterville along with the Travalong brand name, in order to concentrate on the aluminum trailer business. Because of the historical connection with Travalong and because these trailers are made of industrial strength aluminum, these trailers are called TravAlum.&nbsp;

“Our aluminum trailers stand up a lot better than the old steel trailers,” Jeff said. “With all the chemicals used to treat roads these days, the steel tends to rust.” After hauling a load, the aluminum trailers can be washed out with water without worrying about rust.&nbsp;

“Our aluminum trailers have nicer appearance and finish, and they’re a lot more durable,” Jeff said. He pointed out that aluminum trailers are 30% lighter than steel trailers. “They’ve come a long way,” Jeff said. In addition to other improvements, the trailer nose has been reshaped to make it more aerodynamic.&nbsp;

The company emphasizes quality with the theme of “American made, American strong.”&nbsp;&nbsp;“We weld our trailers rather than using rivets,” Jeff said.&nbsp;

TravAlum primarily manufactures livestock trailers, horse trailers and utility trailers. Most models can be custom made to the customer’s specifications. They may be gooseneck models or bumper pull and in larger or smaller sizes. They even have a smaller version that can fit inside the bed of a pickup truck. That is especially handy for hauling smaller livestock and it doesn’t require hitching up to a large trailer.&nbsp;

The company’s website includes a gallery of photos showing 166 different options for various configurations of gates, flooring, and design. One of the choices for flooring, for example, is a Polylast floor that provides safe, durable footing for horses.&nbsp;

Another of the company’s innovations is a movable internal gate that can be set to various positions inside the trailer. The company also offers a combo trailer that includes a space for cattle plus a section tailored to carry horses. The horse trailer selection can include space for tack, saddle racks and more.&nbsp;

Location and convenience make a difference for the company’s headquarters as well.&nbsp;

“We are centrally located in the middle of the country, which is definitely a plus,” Jeff said. TravAlum has an extensive network of dealers from Ohio to Oregon and from Texas to Sasketchewan, including 10 locations in Canada. Most of the company’s sales are west of the Mississippi.&nbsp;

On two occasions, TravAlum sold trailers that were significantly west of the Mississippi. How far west? Would you believe Hawaii? Yes, the Parker Ranch on the big island of Hawaii has been a repeat customer for TravAlum Trailers.&nbsp;

Those deliveries crossed an awful lot of water. Perhaps it’s fitting that this company had its roots in the rural community of Waterville, population 680 people. Now, that’s rural. For more information, go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.travalum.com/" target="_blank">www.travalum.com</a>.&nbsp;

Some days I feel pulled in different directions. That can be stressful, but today we’ve learned about a company that has found success in having its products pulled in many different directions. We commend Jeff Grieshaber and all those involved with TravAlum Trailers and Liberty Inc. for making a difference with entrepreneurship in the aluminum trailer industry. When it comes to success, this business can pull it off.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/9/1600566316666.jpeg" alt="Ron Wilson. Photo courtesy KSRE" />
 <figcaption>Ron Wilson. Photo courtesy KSRE</figcaption>
 </figure>By RON WILSON Kansas State UniversitySome days I feel pulled in different directions. Probably lots of people feel that way these days. Today we’ll meet a company that finds its products are definitely being pulled in lots of different directions – but that’s a good thing. That’s because this company makes livestock trailers that are pulled by trucks from Kansas to locations all across the continent.&nbsp;Jeff Grieshaber is co-owner and manager of TravAlum Trailers, produced by Liberty Inc. in Manhattan. From its home base in Kansas, this company’s trailers are being pulled in lots of different directions.&nbsp;TravAlum Trailers has its roots in the Travalong trailer company which was based in Waterville. In 1991, Jeff’s father, Tom, and two other gentlemen bought the Travalong company. Jeff came on board in 1992.&nbsp;Travalong Trailers were built from steel. In 1995, this group also bought an aluminum stock-trailer business in southwest Missouri. After operating two facilities for a number of years, they brought that business to Kansas. In 2014, they sold the steel factory at Waterville along with the Travalong brand name, in order to concentrate on the aluminum trailer business. Because of the historical connection with Travalong and because these trailers are made of industrial strength aluminum, these trailers are called TravAlum.&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606015268401.jpeg" alt="A TravAlum trailer. Photo courtesy KSRE" />
 <figcaption>A TravAlum trailer. Photo courtesy KSRE</figcaption>
 </figure>“Our aluminum trailers stand up a lot better than the old steel trailers,” Jeff said. “With all the chemicals used to treat roads these days, the steel tends to rust.” After hauling a load, the aluminum trailers can be washed out with water without worrying about rust.&nbsp;“Our aluminum trailers have nicer appearance and finish, and they’re a lot more durable,” Jeff said. He pointed out that aluminum trailers are 30% lighter than steel trailers. “They’ve come a long way,” Jeff said. In addition to other improvements, the trailer nose has been reshaped to make it more aerodynamic.&nbsp;The company emphasizes quality with the theme of “American made, American strong.”&nbsp;&nbsp;“We weld our trailers rather than using rivets,” Jeff said.&nbsp;TravAlum primarily manufactures livestock trailers, horse trailers and utility trailers. Most models can be custom made to the customer’s specifications. They may be gooseneck models or bumper pull and in larger or smaller sizes. They even have a smaller version that can fit inside the bed of a pickup truck. That is especially handy for hauling smaller livestock and it doesn’t require hitching up to a large trailer.&nbsp;The company’s website includes a gallery of photos showing 166 different options for various configurations of gates, flooring, and design. One of the choices for flooring, for example, is a Polylast floor that provides safe, durable footing for horses.&nbsp;Another of the company’s innovations is a movable internal gate that can be set to various positions inside the trailer. The company also offers a combo trailer that includes a space for cattle plus a section tailored to carry horses. The horse trailer selection can include space for tack, saddle racks and more.&nbsp;Location and convenience make a difference for the company’s headquarters as well.&nbsp;“We are centrally located in the middle of the country, which is definitely a plus,” Jeff said. TravAlum has an extensive network of dealers from Ohio to Oregon and from Texas to Sasketchewan, including 10 locations in Canada. Most of the company’s sales are west of the Mississippi.&nbsp;On two occasions, TravAlum sold trailers that were significantly west of the Mississippi. How far west? Would you believe Hawaii? Yes, the Parker Ranch on the big island of Hawaii has been a repeat customer for TravAlum Trailers.&nbsp;Those deliveries crossed an awful lot of water. Perhaps it’s fitting that this company had its roots in the rural community of Waterville, population 680 people. Now, that’s rural. For more information, go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.travalum.com/" target="_blank">www.travalum.com</a>.&nbsp;Some days I feel pulled in different directions. That can be stressful, but today we’ve learned about a company that has found success in having its products pulled in many different directions. We commend Jeff Grieshaber and all those involved with TravAlum Trailers and Liberty Inc. for making a difference with entrepreneurship in the aluminum trailer industry. When it comes to success, this business can pull it off.

NOW THAT'S RURAL: Jeff Grieshaber, TravAlum Trailers

Black Friday is coming! Everywhere you look there’s a good deal to be had. And this year, most people aren’t even going to the stores, but that won’t stop the sales from coming to you. They’re showing up in your inbox, just sitting in your pocket waiting for you. With the click of a button, items will magically show up on your doorstep.

After a roller coaster of a year, we need to be more intentional than ever with holiday spending. Now, don’t get me wrong. I want you to enjoy this season. I want you to have some nice stuff. I just don’t want stuff to have&nbsp;you. Here are a few tips to avoid an overspending holiday hangover:

It’s easy to spend money on the wrong priorities, especially around Christmas. Keep all your items in two categories: wants and needs. Take care of your needs first, then see what money is left over in the budget. Be grown up enough to tell a want it needs to wait.

Write out a budget for what you can&nbsp;afford&nbsp;to spend, not what you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to spend. When it comes to Christmas shopping, make a detailed list of who you’re buying for and put a specific dollar amount by their name. And don’t forget all the extra parties and travel expenses that come up this time of year.

Christmas might look different this year, and that’s okay. If you lost your job, don’t feel guilty because you can’t spoil the little ones like normal. On the flip side, let your friends and family off the hook if they can’t afford to exchange gifts or travel to see you. Let’s choose to support each other.

The holidays bring up all sorts of feelings. It’s the easiest time of year to justify overspending, because we’re in a celebratory mood. But there’s also a lot of stress. Don’t go shopping if you’re feeling lonely, feeling sorry for yourself, or you’re just plain bored. Also, if you think you want to drop a lot of cash on a big purchase, wait at least 24 hours before you make your decision to avoid impulse buying.

Marketers are smart. But remember, seeing the same ad over and over for that fancy watch you’ve had your eye on doesn’t mean it’s meant to be. Don’t let their target marketing knock you off your target goal of making your financial dreams a reality.

If 2020 has taught us anything, it’s that we need to focus on what we can control. This is a chance to regain some lost ground, and do things differently. By being intentional with holiday spending, you’ll avoid waking up to an empty bank account in January—and you’ll make progress toward your wealth-building goals!

Chris Hoganis a two-time No. 1 national best-selling author, financial expert and host of&nbsp;The Chris Hogan Show. He is a frequent guest on Fox News, Fox Business, Yahoo! Finance, and the&nbsp;Rachael Ray Show.&nbsp;Since 2005, Hogan has served at Ramsey Solutions, where he gives practical money advice on retirement, investing and building wealth. Follow Chris on&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/chrishogan360" target="_blank">Twitter</a>,<a href="https://www.instagram.com/chrishogan360/" target="_blank">&nbsp;Instagram</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/chrishogan360" target="_blank">Facebook</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ChrisHogan360" target="_blank">YouTube</a>&nbsp;or online at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.chrishogan360.com/" target="_blank">chrishogan360.com</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/9/1598993777573.jpeg" alt="Chris Hogan" />
 <figcaption>Chris Hogan</figcaption>
 </figure>By CHRIS HOGANBlack Friday is coming! Everywhere you look there’s a good deal to be had. And this year, most people aren’t even going to the stores, but that won’t stop the sales from coming to you. They’re showing up in your inbox, just sitting in your pocket waiting for you. With the click of a button, items will magically show up on your doorstep.After a roller coaster of a year, we need to be more intentional than ever with holiday spending. Now, don’t get me wrong. I want you to enjoy this season. I want you to have some nice stuff. I just don’t want stuff to have&nbsp;you. Here are a few tips to avoid an overspending holiday hangover:Have a list of wants vs. needsIt’s easy to spend money on the wrong priorities, especially around Christmas. Keep all your items in two categories: wants and needs. Take care of your needs first, then see what money is left over in the budget. Be grown up enough to tell a want it needs to wait.Make a budgetWrite out a budget for what you can&nbsp;afford&nbsp;to spend, not what you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to spend. When it comes to Christmas shopping, make a detailed list of who you’re buying for and put a specific dollar amount by their name. And don’t forget all the extra parties and travel expenses that come up this time of year.Don’t sign up for a guilt tripChristmas might look different this year, and that’s okay. If you lost your job, don’t feel guilty because you can’t spoil the little ones like normal. On the flip side, let your friends and family off the hook if they can’t afford to exchange gifts or travel to see you. Let’s choose to support each other.Watch out for emotional spendingThe holidays bring up all sorts of feelings. It’s the easiest time of year to justify overspending, because we’re in a celebratory mood. But there’s also a lot of stress. Don’t go shopping if you’re feeling lonely, feeling sorry for yourself, or you’re just plain bored. Also, if you think you want to drop a lot of cash on a big purchase, wait at least 24 hours before you make your decision to avoid impulse buying.Be on guard when you’re onlineMarketers are smart. But remember, seeing the same ad over and over for that fancy watch you’ve had your eye on doesn’t mean it’s meant to be. Don’t let their target marketing knock you off your target goal of making your financial dreams a reality.If 2020 has taught us anything, it’s that we need to focus on what we can control. This is a chance to regain some lost ground, and do things differently. By being intentional with holiday spending, you’ll avoid waking up to an empty bank account in January—and you’ll make progress toward your wealth-building goals!Chris Hoganis a two-time No. 1 national best-selling author, financial expert and host of&nbsp;The Chris Hogan Show. He is a frequent guest on Fox News, Fox Business, Yahoo! Finance, and the&nbsp;Rachael Ray Show.&nbsp;Since 2005, Hogan has served at Ramsey Solutions, where he gives practical money advice on retirement, investing and building wealth. Follow Chris on&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/chrishogan360" target="_blank">Twitter</a>,<a href="https://www.instagram.com/chrishogan360/" target="_blank">&nbsp;Instagram</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/chrishogan360" target="_blank">Facebook</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ChrisHogan360" target="_blank">YouTube</a>&nbsp;or online at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.chrishogan360.com/" target="_blank">chrishogan360.com</a>.

HOGAN: How to avoid a holiday hangover…from overspending

OCCK, Inc. is seeking Direct Support Professionals. These individuals are residential in their supported Living Department in the Salina, Beloit, and Concordia locations. Full time with benefits, EOE, drug testing.

This person will be coordinating services and provide Independent living skills. Training will be provided as needed. Need to be a compassionate and a problem solver.

Must be at least 18 years old with strong oral and written communication skills, math skills and valid driver’s license and proof of insurance. Must have the ability to work with a diverse group of people in a team setting. Various shifts available.

OCCK, Inc. is a not-for-profit, mission-based organization that has been providing services to people with disabilities since 1970. With regional offices throughout North Central Kansas. Help others and getting paid to do so. Apply at&nbsp;<a href="https://www2.appone.com/Search/Search.aspx?ServerVar=occkinc.appone.com">https://www2.appone.com/Search/Search.aspx?ServerVar=occkinc.appone.com</a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/6/1592535783410.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>OCCK, Inc. is seeking Direct Support Professionals. These individuals are residential in their supported Living Department in the Salina, Beloit, and Concordia locations. Full time with benefits, EOE, drug testing.This person will be coordinating services and provide Independent living skills. Training will be provided as needed. Need to be a compassionate and a problem solver.Must be at least 18 years old with strong oral and written communication skills, math skills and valid driver’s license and proof of insurance. Must have the ability to work with a diverse group of people in a team setting. Various shifts available.OCCK, Inc. is a not-for-profit, mission-based organization that has been providing services to people with disabilities since 1970. With regional offices throughout North Central Kansas. Help others and getting paid to do so. Apply at&nbsp;<a href="https://www2.appone.com/Search/Search.aspx?ServerVar=occkinc.appone.com">https://www2.appone.com/Search/Search.aspx?ServerVar=occkinc.appone.com</a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;

Today in History -- Nov. 22

Click&nbsp;<a href="https://salinapost.com/category/obituaries" target="_blank">HERE</a>&nbsp;to view the most recent obituaries and service times from our funeral home partners.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Click&nbsp;<a href="https://salinapost.com/category/obituaries" target="_blank">HERE</a>&nbsp;to view the most recent obituaries and service times from our funeral home partners.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Recent obituaries

A 2020 Salina Biennial artist who draws on the real and implied is now showing her art in the Salina Art Center.

Jennifer Ray's solo show, In Range, is scheduled to be in the Education Wing of the Salina Art Center, 242 South Santa Fe Avenue, through Jan. 3, 2021. Gallery hours are Wednesday-Sunday from 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Admission is free and donations are welcome. Masks are required by all visitors. 

Ray is a Wichita-based artist and educator. She received her MFA in Photography from Columbia College and BA in Studio Art from Oberlin College.  In Range is a documentation of objects Ray finds at open shooting ranges – improvised targets that have been abandoned, leaving traces of their previous owners. She manipulates these found objects, treating them as sculptural material and photographing them on-site as if she were in the studio.  

With her arrangements, Ray draws on the real as well as the implied; she works to connect the present fact to the histories of violence in the United States.  Though there are clues to their identities, she avoids photographing the shooters themselves. Ray looks beyond simple matters of demographics toward the more fundamental reasons for our nation’s obsession. She’s interested in what unresolved strains of fear, anger, inequality, and hatred undergird our obsession with guns.

The 2020 Salina Biennial exhibition was funded through a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and Salina Art Center Endowment Foundation.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606013679103.jpeg" alt="Jennifer Ray's Cradle to Grave. Image courtesy Salina Art Center" />
 <figcaption>Jennifer Ray's Cradle to Grave. Image courtesy Salina Art Center</figcaption>
 </figure>A 2020 Salina Biennial artist who draws on the real and implied is now showing her art in the Salina Art Center.Jennifer Ray's solo show, In Range, is scheduled to be in the Education Wing of the Salina Art Center, 242 South Santa Fe Avenue, through Jan. 3, 2021. Gallery hours are Wednesday-Sunday from 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Admission is free and donations are welcome. Masks are required by all visitors. Ray is a Wichita-based artist and educator. She received her MFA in Photography from Columbia College and BA in Studio Art from Oberlin College. In Range is a documentation of objects Ray finds at open shooting ranges – improvised targets that have been abandoned, leaving traces of their previous owners. She manipulates these found objects, treating them as sculptural material and photographing them on-site as if she were in the studio. With her arrangements, Ray draws on the real as well as the implied; she works to connect the present fact to the histories of violence in the United States. Though there are clues to their identities, she avoids photographing the shooters themselves. Ray looks beyond simple matters of demographics toward the more fundamental reasons for our nation’s obsession. She’s interested in what unresolved strains of fear, anger, inequality, and hatred undergird our obsession with guns.The 2020 Salina Biennial exhibition was funded through a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and Salina Art Center Endowment Foundation.

Solo show by 2020 Salina Biennial artist open at Salina Art Center

TOPEKA – In response to an increase in COVID-19 cases, the Kansas Lottery lobby will be closed to the public starting Monday. 

The in-person claims process is temporarily suspended and only mail-in claims will be accepted. The in-person claims process will be on hold until further notice.

Any prize of $600 or higher must go through the Lottery Headquarters mail-in claims process. Mail-in claims will be processed in the order they are received.

To claim a prize by mail, players must completely fill out the back of the ticket, sign it, and include a printed and completely filled out claim form. Players can print a claim form from the Lottery’s website&nbsp;<a href="https://kslottery.com/downloads/WinnerClaimForm.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>&nbsp;or a retailer can print one off from a Kansas Lottery terminal. A completed claim form is required for each individual prize claimed.

The Kansas Lottery recommends players take photos or scans of the front and the back of the ticket for their records before mailing. Tickets are accepted via standard mail, but the Lottery recommends sending claimed tickets by certified mail, registered mail, or some other service that allows players to track a package’s progress. Please address tickets to: Kansas Lottery Claims, 128 N. Kansas Avenue, Topeka, KS 66603.

If players need assistance, they are asked to email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lottery.info@kslottery.net" target="_blank">lottery.info@kslottery.net</a>, and a response will come as soon as possible. The Lottery thanks everyone for their understanding, and asks everyone to stay safe and wash their hands!

TOPEKA – In response to an increase in COVID-19 cases, the Kansas Lottery lobby will be closed to the public starting Monday. The in-person claims process is temporarily suspended and only mail-in claims will be accepted. The in-person claims process will be on hold until further notice.Any prize of $600 or higher must go through the Lottery Headquarters mail-in claims process. Mail-in claims will be processed in the order they are received.To claim a prize by mail, players must completely fill out the back of the ticket, sign it, and include a printed and completely filled out claim form. Players can print a claim form from the Lottery’s website&nbsp;<a href="https://kslottery.com/downloads/WinnerClaimForm.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>&nbsp;or a retailer can print one off from a Kansas Lottery terminal. A completed claim form is required for each individual prize claimed.The Kansas Lottery recommends players take photos or scans of the front and the back of the ticket for their records before mailing. Tickets are accepted via standard mail, but the Lottery recommends sending claimed tickets by certified mail, registered mail, or some other service that allows players to track a package’s progress. Please address tickets to: Kansas Lottery Claims, 128 N. Kansas Avenue, Topeka, KS 66603.If players need assistance, they are asked to email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lottery.info@kslottery.net" target="_blank">lottery.info@kslottery.net</a>, and a response will come as soon as possible. The Lottery thanks everyone for their understanding, and asks everyone to stay safe and wash their hands!

Kansas Lottery moves to mail-in claims only

Widespread light rain will gradually come to an end during the evening hours, according to the National Weather Service (NWS) in Wichita.

 Clouds may linger overnight helping to keep minimum temperatures slightly above normal with lows ranging from the mid 30s over portions of central Kansas to the lower 40s in southeast Kansas, NWS noted.

Additionally, NWS reports that high pressure will build south across the area on Sunday bringing light winds, clearing skies and seasonable temperatures to the area.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606001347771.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Widespread light rain will gradually come to an end during the evening hours, according to the National Weather Service (NWS) in Wichita. Clouds may linger overnight helping to keep minimum temperatures slightly above normal with lows ranging from the mid 30s over portions of central Kansas to the lower 40s in southeast Kansas, NWS noted.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1606001393027.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Additionally, NWS reports that high pressure will build south across the area on Sunday bringing light winds, clearing skies and seasonable temperatures to the area.

NWS: Wet this evening; afternoon sunshine, seasonal highs on Sunday

Kansas Wesleyan honored 33 graduates during its annual fall graduate recognition ceremony, held Friday night in&nbsp; KWU’s Mabee Arena. 

Strict social distancing and face covering protocols were in place to allow the event to be held safely.

Dr. Meredith Drees, the 2019-20 KWU Distinguished Professor, provided the evening’s keynote address on the importance of character.

“To achieve a college degree is always a great accomplishment,” said Dr. Damon Kraft, KWU provost. “However, to complete one during a societal upheaval, such as a pandemic, shows a true dedication to success and learning. We congratulate all of these graduates on their diligence in completing their degrees, and welcome them to the Coyote alumni family.”

The following is a list of the 33 graduates.

Alejandro Gutierrez (La Puente, California)

Derwin Jackson, Jr. (West Palm Beach, Florida)

Richard Ortega IV (Montebello, California)

Jacob Steffensmeier (Kansas City, Missouri)

Kansas Wesleyan honored 33 graduates during its annual fall graduate recognition ceremony, held Friday night in&nbsp; KWU’s Mabee Arena. Strict social distancing and face covering protocols were in place to allow the event to be held safely.Dr. Meredith Drees, the 2019-20 KWU Distinguished Professor, provided the evening’s keynote address on the importance of character.“To achieve a college degree is always a great accomplishment,” said Dr. Damon Kraft, KWU provost. “However, to complete one during a societal upheaval, such as a pandemic, shows a true dedication to success and learning. We congratulate all of these graduates on their diligence in completing their degrees, and welcome them to the Coyote alumni family.”The following is a list of the 33 graduates.McGinnis Albert (Boca Raton, Florida)Jesus Anguiano (Modesto, California)Pedro Beltran (Salina, Kansas)Ulysses Cannon (Salina, Kansas)Guillermo Castillo (Greenville, Texas)Jasper Chavez (Los Angeles, California)Autumn Colgin (Canton, Kansas)Dakota Crichton (Council Grove, Kansas)Dalayna Demarte (Rocklin, California)Shea Goessman (Pekin, Illinois)Alejandro Gutierrez (La Puente, California)Jeffrey Hendrixson (Haven, Kansas)Juan Herrera (Salinas, California)Cortlyne Huppe (Salina, Kansas)Derwin Jackson, Jr. (West Palm Beach, Florida)Claude Killian (Salina, Kansas)Miles Koehler (Athens, Texas)Madeline Lopez (Lawndale, California)Patrick Mercer (Corinth, Texas)Janai Mitchell (Salina, Kansas)Cody Montanez (Santa Rosa, California)Anthony Munro (Fresno, Texas)Richard Ortega IV (Montebello, California)Parker Reynoso (Topeka, Kansas)Claire Schmidt (Salina, Kansas)Adam Schroeder (Seymour, Indiana)Isaiah Sires-Wils (San Jose, California)Taiylor Sharp (Salina, Kansas)Jayme Sloan (Asbury, Missouri)Jacob Steffensmeier (Kansas City, Missouri)Caleb Ubel (Wheaton, Kansas)Madeline Valdes (Mansfield, Texas)Arnold Yoder (Toledo, Washington)

KWU recognizes 2020 fall graduates

MANHATTAN — A public hearing will be conducted at 10 a.m. on Dec. 7, 2020, to consider the adoption of proposed regulations to govern commercial industrial hemp production in Kansas. 

Due to public health concerns posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the hearing proceedings will be held via a video conferencing system to provide the opportunity for virtual participation online. Although in-person participation is also an option, attendance will be limited to allow for social distancing and to comply with local health requirements.&nbsp;

Due to the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, which removed hemp from the federal Controlled Substances Act, and the Commercial Industrial Hemp Act passed in Kansas in 2019, the Kansas Department of Agriculture is proposing rules and regulations K.A.R. 4-34-22 through 4-34-30.

A copy of the proposed new regulations, as well as an expanded notice of public hearing, may be accessed on the KDA website at&nbsp;<a href="https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculture.ks.gov%2FPublicComment&amp;data=04%7C01%7C%7Ccaa9b94ad3064b6d703a08d88c0a1fab%7Cdcae8101c92d480cbc43c6761ccccc5a%7C0%7C0%7C637413322869329381%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=gr1%2FmFdEfedQBADRZedl3g2fVU3jvSRvHYcPLlV1ZAw%3D&amp;reserved=0" target="_blank">agriculture.ks.gov/PublicComment</a>. Anyone desiring to participate via video conference or in person must pre-register and be provided with a video link or instructions for in-person attendance. Written comments can be submitted on the public comment web page prior to the hearing or sent to the Kansas Department of Agriculture, 1320 Research Park Drive, Manhattan, KS, 66502.

Any individual with a disability may request accommodation in order to participate in the public hearing and may request a copy of the regulations in an accessible format. Persons who require special accommodations must make their needs known at least five working days prior to the hearing. For more information, including special accommodations or a copy of the regulations, please contact Ronda Hutton at 785-564-6715 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:Ronda.Hutton@ks.gov" target="_blank">Ronda.Hutton@ks.gov</a>.

MANHATTAN — A public hearing will be conducted at 10 a.m. on Dec. 7, 2020, to consider the adoption of proposed regulations to govern commercial industrial hemp production in Kansas. Due to public health concerns posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the hearing proceedings will be held via a video conferencing system to provide the opportunity for virtual participation online. Although in-person participation is also an option, attendance will be limited to allow for social distancing and to comply with local health requirements.&nbsp;Due to the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, which removed hemp from the federal Controlled Substances Act, and the Commercial Industrial Hemp Act passed in Kansas in 2019, the Kansas Department of Agriculture is proposing rules and regulations K.A.R. 4-34-22 through 4-34-30.A copy of the proposed new regulations, as well as an expanded notice of public hearing, may be accessed on the KDA website at&nbsp;<a href="https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculture.ks.gov%2FPublicComment&amp;data=04%7C01%7C%7Ccaa9b94ad3064b6d703a08d88c0a1fab%7Cdcae8101c92d480cbc43c6761ccccc5a%7C0%7C0%7C637413322869329381%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=gr1%2FmFdEfedQBADRZedl3g2fVU3jvSRvHYcPLlV1ZAw%3D&amp;reserved=0" target="_blank">agriculture.ks.gov/PublicComment</a>. Anyone desiring to participate via video conference or in person must pre-register and be provided with a video link or instructions for in-person attendance. Written comments can be submitted on the public comment web page prior to the hearing or sent to the Kansas Department of Agriculture, 1320 Research Park Drive, Manhattan, KS, 66502.Any individual with a disability may request accommodation in order to participate in the public hearing and may request a copy of the regulations in an accessible format. Persons who require special accommodations must make their needs known at least five working days prior to the hearing. For more information, including special accommodations or a copy of the regulations, please contact Ronda Hutton at 785-564-6715 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:Ronda.Hutton@ks.gov" target="_blank">Ronda.Hutton@ks.gov</a>.

Hearing set for proposed adoption of commercial industrial hemp regs

It looks as though we will have a cooler weekend with a bit of moisture.

Scattered showers this morning will become more widespread this afternoon and continue into tonight, according to the National Weather Service (NWS) in Wichita. 

The sun will return by early afternoon tomorrow as highs climb into the low 50s, NWS noted.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1605967387303.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>It looks as though we will have a cooler weekend with a bit of moisture.Scattered showers this morning will become more widespread this afternoon and continue into tonight, according to the National Weather Service (NWS) in Wichita. The sun will return by early afternoon tomorrow as highs climb into the low 50s, NWS noted.

NWS: Cooler weekend with showers on Saturday

Buckle up, America. U.S. Supreme Court&nbsp;Justice Samuel Alito&nbsp;may well have pulled the “start” switch on the First Amendment’s legal equivalent of a popular carnival attraction, the Tilt-a-Whirl — a wild, spinning legislative ride propelled by a revolving wheel of judicial review.

In a speech Nov. 12 to the conservative Federalist Society,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.freedomforum.org/2020/11/17/justice-alito-sees-danger-ahead-for-first-amendment-religion-and-speech-rights/" target="_blank">Alito offered a list</a>&nbsp;of grievances about the state of individual rights in America, with a special focus on the freedoms of religion and speech.

Alito was very critical of a 5-4 Supreme Court decision this summer that rejected a church’s objection to Nevada’s COVID-19-based restrictions on attendance at religious services. He pointed out that casinos in that state were limited to 50 percent capacity, while houses of worship were subject to a smaller, flat 50-person limit.

Rejecting this “disparate treatment should not have been a very tough call,” he said. “Take a quick look at the Constitution. You will see the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, which protects religious liberty. You will not find a craps clause, or a blackjack clause, or a slot machine clause.”

Noting that comedian&nbsp;George Carlin&nbsp;once identified “seven dirty words” not allowed to be spoken on television, Alito said that “today you can see shows on your TV screen in which the dialogue appears at times to consist almost entirely of those words … But it would be easy to put together a new list called ‘Things You Can’t Say If You Are a Student or a Professor at a College or University or an Employee of Many Big Corporations.’ And there wouldn’t be just seven items on that list. Seventy times seven would be closer.”

Following the court’s legalization of same-sex marriage, which he opposed, Alito predicted vilification of those opposing the decision. In his speech, Alito claimed that “You can’t say that marriage is a union between one man and one woman. Until very recently, that’s what the vast majority of Americans thought. Now it’s considered bigotry.”

A second justice,&nbsp;Clarence Thomas, has twice this year called for the court to revisit — and perhaps reverse — a landmark 1964 free speech and free press case,&nbsp;New York Times&nbsp;v. Sullivan, which generally rules out successful defamation lawsuits by political or public persons without evidence of “actual malice.”

A new, 6-3 conservative balance on the court may provide additional support for both Alito and Thomas and for the construction of new legal shields based on religious views against anti-discrimination laws. The court will rule next spring in Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, involving that city’s attempt to withhold public funds from a Catholic social work group which refuses to consider same-sex couples when placing children for adoption.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/7/1593729871227.png" alt="Gene Policinski. Photo courtesy Freedom Forum" />
 <figcaption>Gene Policinski. Photo courtesy Freedom Forum</figcaption>
 </figure>By GENE POLICINSKIBuckle up, America. U.S. Supreme Court&nbsp;Justice Samuel Alito&nbsp;may well have pulled the “start” switch on the First Amendment’s legal equivalent of a popular carnival attraction, the Tilt-a-Whirl — a wild, spinning legislative ride propelled by a revolving wheel of judicial review.In a speech Nov. 12 to the conservative Federalist Society,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.freedomforum.org/2020/11/17/justice-alito-sees-danger-ahead-for-first-amendment-religion-and-speech-rights/" target="_blank">Alito offered a list</a>&nbsp;of grievances about the state of individual rights in America, with a special focus on the freedoms of religion and speech.Alito was very critical of a 5-4 Supreme Court decision this summer that rejected a church’s objection to Nevada’s COVID-19-based restrictions on attendance at religious services. He pointed out that casinos in that state were limited to 50 percent capacity, while houses of worship were subject to a smaller, flat 50-person limit.Rejecting this “disparate treatment should not have been a very tough call,” he said. “Take a quick look at the Constitution. You will see the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, which protects religious liberty. You will not find a craps clause, or a blackjack clause, or a slot machine clause.”Noting that comedian&nbsp;George Carlin&nbsp;once identified “seven dirty words” not allowed to be spoken on television, Alito said that “today you can see shows on your TV screen in which the dialogue appears at times to consist almost entirely of those words … But it would be easy to put together a new list called ‘Things You Can’t Say If You Are a Student or a Professor at a College or University or an Employee of Many Big Corporations.’ And there wouldn’t be just seven items on that list. Seventy times seven would be closer.”Following the court’s legalization of same-sex marriage, which he opposed, Alito predicted vilification of those opposing the decision. In his speech, Alito claimed that “You can’t say that marriage is a union between one man and one woman. Until very recently, that’s what the vast majority of Americans thought. Now it’s considered bigotry.”A second justice,&nbsp;Clarence Thomas, has twice this year called for the court to revisit — and perhaps reverse — a landmark 1964 free speech and free press case,&nbsp;New York Times&nbsp;v. Sullivan, which generally rules out successful defamation lawsuits by political or public persons without evidence of “actual malice.”A new, 6-3 conservative balance on the court may provide additional support for both Alito and Thomas and for the construction of new legal shields based on religious views against anti-discrimination laws. The court will rule next spring in Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, involving that city’s attempt to withhold public funds from a Catholic social work group which refuses to consider same-sex couples when placing children for adoption.Both Republicans and Democrats in Congress seem intent on reviewing First Amendment rights and special legal protections under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, now enjoyed by Silicon Valley tech companies. The changes would target social media giants such as Twitter and Facebook and perhaps even attempt to reduce Google’s dominate position among search engines.Advocates say changes and limits are needed to ensure diverse viewpoints. Removing some or all of those protections, the companies argue, would force them to adopt draconian restrictions on what we freely say online in these 21st century equivalents of the colonial public square.Congress also is expected to quickly take up other complicated, “First Amendment-ish” aspects around free speech on the web — that is, balancing the need to fight misinformation and distortion of facts online with unfettered access by individuals to this new, electronic version of the public square.A new conservative majority on the U.S. Supreme Court seems likely to heed Alito’s call to revisit both new and long-standing First Amendment rulings, particularly on religion and speech. State legislatures in more than 40 states seem bent on rewriting laws across a dizzying array of rulings, all aimed at restricting protest and assembly.Freedom of the press will continue to be beset by both critics who would diminish its First Amendment protections and those advocates who would save independent American journalism by inserting government into the unprecedented role of at least a partial funder.And within the First Amendment scholarly community itself, there is growing sentiment that the original 45 words, adopted in 1791, need to be reworked and revised to meet the challenges of a modern, 24/7 globally connected planetary society.Even the relatively new doctrine of “government speech” is gaining ground — that government itself has free speech rights, as in what slogans are banned from state-issued license plates, or which religious symbols are allowed in public spaces. As it happens, Justice Alito has played both a major role in court decisions advancing the doctrine, but also cautioning against its overuse.For nearly 100 years, First Amendment law has been largely focused on protecting the free expression of individual viewpoints, particularly those considered “fringe” or “extreme.” Now in vogue: Claims to a “right” not to hear someone’s views.Many of these new voices and approaches in the marketplace of ideas echo Alito’s basic pitch: It’s time for conservative views and limits to take over from what they see as overly broad, liberal expansions across the five freedoms.Keep both hands and feet firmly inside the whirling legal constructs, dear fellow citizens. And pay close attention to what people are saying in the upcoming debates over balancing our core freedoms with other values.Hang on through the ride and listen to the debates as if the very meaning and application of the First Amendment for the next generation depends on it — because it will.Gene Policinski is a senior fellow for the First Amendment at the Freedom Forum, and president and chief operating officer of the Freedom Forum Institute. He can be reached at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:gpolicinski@freedomforum.org" target="_blank">gpolicinski@freedomforum.org</a>, or follow him on Twitter at&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/@genefac" target="_blank">@genefac</a>.

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