Twenty-five new law enforcement officers graduated from the Kansas Law Enforcement Training Center (KLETC) on Friday in a ceremony held in KLETC’s Integrity Auditorium.

Class Coordinator Bryan Carey expressed his appreciation for the graduates and reminded them of the value of knowledge and learning.&nbsp; “Everyone on this stage was concerned with getting better.&nbsp; This profession is constantly changing and evolving.&nbsp; Become a lifelong learner.”

Riley County Police Department Director Brian R. Peete was the commencement speaker for the ceremony.&nbsp; Director Peete shared with the graduates his advice on successfully navigating the profession, to include being at your best as often as you can, to be true to yourself always, and to be patient.&nbsp;&nbsp; “You will grow as human beings; you will bring out the best in others.&nbsp; You will help people, you will save lives. You will make a difference, and you are now part of something bigger than yourselves.”

Under the authority of Executive Director Darin Beck, graduates received certificates attesting to the satisfactory completion of a full-time basic course of instruction, and certification as Kansas law enforcement officers from the Kansas Commission on Peace Officers’ Standards and Training, the state’s law enforcement licensing authority.

The following are the graduates of the 306th basic training class:

Lucas Batterton&nbsp;-&nbsp;Stanton County Sheriff's Office Randon Blanck&nbsp;-&nbsp;Phillips County Sheriff's Office Andrew Buzako&nbsp;-&nbsp;Stafford Police Department Brendan Cipolla&nbsp;-&nbsp;University of Kansas Med Center Police Dept Destiny Cole&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wamego Police Department Hunter Elliott&nbsp;-&nbsp;Sumner County Sheriff's Office Mia Gibson&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mulvane Police Department Gunner Gum&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Eric Hamm&nbsp;-&nbsp;Riley County Police Department Hunter Hampton&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Julian Henretty&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Jasmin Jackson&nbsp;- Junction City Police Department Robert Johnson&nbsp;-&nbsp;Goodland Police Department Glen King&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wamego Police Department *Class President Jack Kingsley&nbsp;- Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Cole Knott&nbsp;-&nbsp;Stanton County Sheriff's Office Edward Liller&nbsp;-&nbsp;University of Kansas Med Center Police Dept Kyle Newville&nbsp;-&nbsp;Cloud County Sheriff's Office Nathan Niemann&nbsp;-&nbsp;Sumner County Sheriff's Office John Pietrzak&nbsp;-&nbsp;Horton Police Department Richard Romig&nbsp;-&nbsp;Johnson County Sheriff's Office James Schmeidler&nbsp;- Liberal Police Department Derek Siebenmorgen&nbsp;- Leavenworth County Sheriff's Office Joshua Standridge&nbsp;- Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Nicholas Zafuta&nbsp;-&nbsp;Frontenac Police Department * Director’s award for academic excellence

KLETCTwenty-five new law enforcement officers graduated from the Kansas Law Enforcement Training Center (KLETC) on Friday in a ceremony held in KLETC’s Integrity Auditorium.Class Coordinator Bryan Carey expressed his appreciation for the graduates and reminded them of the value of knowledge and learning.&nbsp; “Everyone on this stage was concerned with getting better.&nbsp; This profession is constantly changing and evolving.&nbsp; Become a lifelong learner.”Riley County Police Department Director Brian R. Peete was the commencement speaker for the ceremony.&nbsp; Director Peete shared with the graduates his advice on successfully navigating the profession, to include being at your best as often as you can, to be true to yourself always, and to be patient.&nbsp;&nbsp; “You will grow as human beings; you will bring out the best in others.&nbsp; You will help people, you will save lives. You will make a difference, and you are now part of something bigger than yourselves.”Under the authority of Executive Director Darin Beck, graduates received certificates attesting to the satisfactory completion of a full-time basic course of instruction, and certification as Kansas law enforcement officers from the Kansas Commission on Peace Officers’ Standards and Training, the state’s law enforcement licensing authority.The following are the graduates of the 306th basic training class:Lucas Batterton&nbsp;-&nbsp;Stanton County Sheriff's Office Randon Blanck&nbsp;-&nbsp;Phillips County Sheriff's Office Andrew Buzako&nbsp;-&nbsp;Stafford Police Department Brendan Cipolla&nbsp;-&nbsp;University of Kansas Med Center Police Dept Destiny Cole&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wamego Police Department Hunter Elliott&nbsp;-&nbsp;Sumner County Sheriff's Office Mia Gibson&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mulvane Police Department Gunner Gum&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Eric Hamm&nbsp;-&nbsp;Riley County Police Department Hunter Hampton&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Julian Henretty&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Jasmin Jackson&nbsp;- Junction City Police Department Robert Johnson&nbsp;-&nbsp;Goodland Police Department Glen King&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wamego Police Department *Class President Jack Kingsley&nbsp;- Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Cole Knott&nbsp;-&nbsp;Stanton County Sheriff's Office Edward Liller&nbsp;-&nbsp;University of Kansas Med Center Police Dept Kyle Newville&nbsp;-&nbsp;Cloud County Sheriff's Office Nathan Niemann&nbsp;-&nbsp;Sumner County Sheriff's Office John Pietrzak&nbsp;-&nbsp;Horton Police Department Richard Romig&nbsp;-&nbsp;Johnson County Sheriff's Office James Schmeidler&nbsp;- Liberal Police Department Derek Siebenmorgen&nbsp;- Leavenworth County Sheriff's Office Joshua Standridge&nbsp;- Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Nicholas Zafuta&nbsp;-&nbsp;Frontenac Police Department * Director’s award for academic excellence

Cloud County's Newville among latest KLETC graduates

Job Title:&nbsp;Route Delivery Driver

Load, unload, and transport products/cylinders in a safe, timely manner while adhering to assigned routes and time schedules. Successful drivers are polite and prompt with a commitment to providing our customers with an excellent experience.

ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

• Safely Load and unload vehicle with specified products/cylinders for delivery

• Deliver products to customers while abiding by load safety, DOT and general safe driving guidelines.

• Complete the orderly product loading of vehicles which ensures the efficient use of time and scheduling of delivery routes Maintain records and logs related to deliveries and vehicle maintenance

• Obtain appropriate signatures to verify receipt of items delivered

• Follow all Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations including maintaining all DOT physicals &amp; drug screens required to maintain CDL

• Operate assigned vehicle safely and efficiently

• Maintain the proper cleanliness of assigned vehicles and carefully complete pre- and post-trip vehicle inspections.

• Perform routine maintenance &amp; servicing of vehicle

• Report major repairs, service needs, incidents, or accidents to proper authorities

• Perform as back-up for other route drivers

• Assist with such other duties or responsibilities as may be assigned.

• Hazmat endorsement (or ability to obtain)

• Able to move or lift products (up to 75 lbs.) and materials of varied sizes and weights

• Knowledge of safe driving practices and traffic laws

• Clean driving record and ability to pass drug testing and background check requirements

• Full Benefits (Health, Dental, Vision, STD, and LTD) • Amazing 401(k) Match • Company Profit Sharing • 100% Company Paid Uniform • Generous Christmas Bonus • Paid Holidays • Paid Time Off&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/3/1678817571516.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Job Title:&nbsp;Route Delivery DriverReports to:&nbsp;Branch ManagerGENERAL DESCRIPTIONLoad, unload, and transport products/cylinders in a safe, timely manner while adhering to assigned routes and time schedules. Successful drivers are polite and prompt with a commitment to providing our customers with an excellent experience.ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES• Safely Load and unload vehicle with specified products/cylinders for delivery• Deliver products to customers while abiding by load safety, DOT and general safe driving guidelines.• Inventory truck in and out each day• Complete the orderly product loading of vehicles which ensures the efficient use of time and scheduling of delivery routes Maintain records and logs related to deliveries and vehicle maintenance• Obtain appropriate signatures to verify receipt of items delivered• Follow all Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations including maintaining all DOT physicals &amp; drug screens required to maintain CDL• Operate assigned vehicle safely and efficiently• Maintain the proper cleanliness of assigned vehicles and carefully complete pre- and post-trip vehicle inspections.• Perform routine maintenance &amp; servicing of vehicle• Report major repairs, service needs, incidents, or accidents to proper authorities• Perform as back-up for other route drivers• Assist with such other duties or responsibilities as may be assigned.QUALIFICATIONS• Class B CDL• Hazmat endorsement (or ability to obtain)• Able to move or lift products (up to 75 lbs.) and materials of varied sizes and weights• Knowledge of safe driving practices and traffic laws• Strong verbal communication skills• Clean driving record and ability to pass drug testing and background check requirementsLAMPTON PERKS• Full Benefits (Health, Dental, Vision, STD, and LTD) • Amazing 401(k) Match • Company Profit Sharing • 100% Company Paid Uniform • Generous Christmas Bonus • Paid Holidays • Paid Time Off&nbsp;&nbsp;

Applications open for 2023 OCCK More Than You Think Scholarship

By LESLIE EIKLEBERRY Salina Post

A highly recognizable pickup that was stolen from a north Salina customs shop was later found a number of blocks away.

Salina Police Captain Paul Forrester said this morning that an orange 1977 Chevrolet Silverado belonging to a 67-year-old Salina man had been parked at Calvin Customs &amp; Hot Rod Repair, 325 N. Santa Fe Avenue, for a number of years. The owner of the customs shop received a call asking whether the pickup had been sold. When he replied "no," the caller informed him that the pickup was parked in the 600 block of N. Seventh Street with its hood up.

The owner of the customs shop then went to the location and confirmed that the pickup was the one from his lot, Forrester said. The pickup is valued at $5,000.

Forrester said it is believed that the pickup was taken between March 1 and Sunday. It was located on N. Seventh Street on Sunday.

The steering column was damaged and the hood was bent, he said. Damage was estimated at $700.

By LESLIE EIKLEBERRY Salina PostA highly recognizable pickup that was stolen from a north Salina customs shop was later found a number of blocks away.Salina Police Captain Paul Forrester said this morning that an orange 1977 Chevrolet Silverado belonging to a 67-year-old Salina man had been parked at Calvin Customs &amp; Hot Rod Repair, 325 N. Santa Fe Avenue, for a number of years. The owner of the customs shop received a call asking whether the pickup had been sold. When he replied "no," the caller informed him that the pickup was parked in the 600 block of N. Seventh Street with its hood up.The owner of the customs shop then went to the location and confirmed that the pickup was the one from his lot, Forrester said. The pickup is valued at $5,000.Forrester said it is believed that the pickup was taken between March 1 and Sunday. It was located on N. Seventh Street on Sunday.The steering column was damaged and the hood was bent, he said. Damage was estimated at $700.

Orange pickup stolen from north Salina shop found later

Police are looking for a pair of people who damaged a glass door at a south Salina gas station early Saturday morning.

Surveillance video shows two people who were smaller in stature attempting to break the north glass door at Rod's No. 6, 220 W. Magnolia Road, around 12 a.m. Saturday, Salina Police Captain Paul Forrester said this morning. The two, thought to be juveniles, can be seen attempting to break the glass and then running away. A short while later, they came back and tried again.

Forrester said that while the duo did damage the glass, they were not able to gain entry to the building. Large rocks were found on the ground near the door. Damage was estimated at $1,000, he said. 

Both people wore sweatpants and hoodies with the hoods up, Forrester said. One hoodie was light-colored and the other was black.

By LESLIE EIKLEBERRY Salina PostPolice are looking for a pair of people who damaged a glass door at a south Salina gas station early Saturday morning.Surveillance video shows two people who were smaller in stature attempting to break the north glass door at Rod's No. 6, 220 W. Magnolia Road, around 12 a.m. Saturday, Salina Police Captain Paul Forrester said this morning. The two, thought to be juveniles, can be seen attempting to break the glass and then running away. A short while later, they came back and tried again.Forrester said that while the duo did damage the glass, they were not able to gain entry to the building. Large rocks were found on the ground near the door. Damage was estimated at $1,000, he said. Both people wore sweatpants and hoodies with the hoods up, Forrester said. One hoodie was light-colored and the other was black.

Glass door damaged at south Salina gas station

The next Saline County commodities distribution is coming up Wednesday.

Volunteers from Sunrise Presbyterian Church will be distributing the food from 9-10 a.m. Wednesday at Kenwood Hall, 900 Greeley Avenue.

Food items for this distribution include the following, according to information from the church: apple sauce, corn, green beans, sliced potatoes, English walnuts, whole chicken, oranges, carrots, almonds, rolled oats, and hazelnuts.

One box per household will be distributed.

Persons picking up food will need a Saline County photo ID and proof of income for a month. If you are picking up for someone else, you will need copies of that person's ID and proof of income.

The monthly income for one person cannot exceed $1,473, with $513 added for each additional person in the household.

The commodities distribution group has a new phone number. If you have questions, please call 785-416-9352.

By SALINA POSTThe next Saline County commodities distribution is coming up Wednesday.Volunteers from Sunrise Presbyterian Church will be distributing the food from 9-10 a.m. Wednesday at Kenwood Hall, 900 Greeley Avenue.Food items for this distribution include the following, according to information from the church: apple sauce, corn, green beans, sliced potatoes, English walnuts, whole chicken, oranges, carrots, almonds, rolled oats, and hazelnuts.One box per household will be distributed.Persons picking up food will need a Saline County photo ID and proof of income for a month. If you are picking up for someone else, you will need copies of that person's ID and proof of income.The monthly income for one person cannot exceed $1,473, with $513 added for each additional person in the household.The commodities distribution group has a new phone number. If you have questions, please call 785-416-9352.

March commodities distribution for Saline County Wednesday

PEABODY - A minor earthquake rattled part of southern Marion County Sunday night.

According to the Kansas Geological Survey, a 2.2 magnitude earthquake struck at 10:35 p.m. Sunday northwest of Peabody. The quake was centered southwest of the Jade Road-110th Street intersection.

By SALINA POSTPEABODY - A minor earthquake rattled part of southern Marion County Sunday night.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/3/1679317156728.png" alt="The location of the 2.2 magnitude, 10:35 p.m. Sunday Marion County earthquake. Map courtesy Kansas Geological Survey" />
 <figcaption>The location of the 2.2 magnitude, 10:35 p.m. Sunday Marion County earthquake. Map courtesy Kansas Geological Survey</figcaption>
 </figure>According to the Kansas Geological Survey, a 2.2 magnitude earthquake struck at 10:35 p.m. Sunday northwest of Peabody. The quake was centered southwest of the Jade Road-110th Street intersection.

Small quake rattles part of southern Marion County Sunday night

Both K–12 teachers and college professors are in major discussions over how to deal with the recently-released AI program that generates answers, essays and poetry upon request. However, Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) perhaps anticipated this situation in his classic “Gulliver’s Travels” released in 1726. While some youngsters today may remember reading excerpts from this tale, where Captain Gulliver ends up in countries where he is either a giant or a miniature dwarf, few will recall reading of his trip to the land of Lagano where he visits the Academy of Projectors and watches them use a machine called “The Engine.”

To paraphrase Swift in modern English: In the middle of the room, a 20-foot by 20-foot table held many small wooden squares, each with&nbsp; single words in random order. This array included every word in their language. Forty handles at the edges of the table could be turned, completely rearranging the order of the words. Thirty-six students read the new combinations of words and where three or four words in a row made sense, they read them off to four scribes who wrote down the new sequence.

The output of this “Engine” was to eventually compile all of the ways that words could be put together. Thereby the total amount of knowledge possible in the world could supposedly be known and written down. While this was far before the development of mechanical or electrical computation devices that we would call a “computer,” this 300-year old story caused readers to stop and question the role of language in our thinking. Is our expansion in knowledge over time just a matter of rearranging words?&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

In 1980, philosopher John Searle (now retired from U.C.-Berkeley) detailed this problem in “Minds, Brains, and Programs” published in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences. In his “Chinese Room” argument, a computer responds to Chinese questions using a program that constructs Chinese answers by using programmed instructions. This would convince a receiver that they were indeed talking to a Chinese person, thus passing the test proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 that would indicate intelligent behavior equivalent to a human. But Searle then uses himself as an example, using the same program rules to “translate” the Chinese and produce the answer, without understanding a bit of the language himself, to indicate how this is not human “understanding” at all. It is just “weak AI.”

For several decades now, students have been able to input a word and their computer or smartphone will bring up a series of next-most-likely-words they can select without typing them out. That process has now been expanded to incorporate huge amounts of online verbiage, following rules of association that can, without any “understanding,” exhume the worst of past human expression.

What is missing is experience. If there is no experience with a concept, there is no fullness in meaning.&nbsp; The few atomic scientists and military who personally witnessed an atomic bomb blast are nearly all gone. Our only substitute for such direct experiences is distant experience with relatively minor explosions, if anything at all. The visual images of historical footage carry little to no emotional impact.

The phrase “no experience, no meaning” now underlies our growing dissociation with real world phenomena, and accelerates the ability of political actors to distort our shallow understanding through mediated messages. This basic tenet of “semantics” in the mode of Korzybski and Hayakawa underlies all meaningful communication and all teaching.

The “Engine” of Lagano was wrong. Today our scientific terminology often derived from Latin and Greek is massive, far beyond its limited common usage several millennia ago, and will continue to grow. New scientific terms are added, defined by increased experiences detailed in the “methods” section of science articles. Dictionaries are history books, not law books, as I suspect Jonathan Swift understood. Artificial intelligence will remain truly artificial as long as machines cannot experience. And that includes the most recent proposals to integrate computation systems with actual neural tissues.

Therefore, the answer to the problem posed by the future developments of ChatGPT and other word manipulation systems requires restoring the genuine real-world interactions for our younger generations of users through field trips, hands-on labs, travel, interactions with “others,” multilingual education, etc.&nbsp; Reality and real-world experiences may be dismissed in this digital age, but it remains the best place to get an education.&nbsp;&nbsp;

John Richard Schrock has trained biology teachers for more than 30 years in Kansas. He also has lectured at 27 universities during 20 trips to China. He holds the distinction of “Faculty Emeritus” at Emporia State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573490075841.jpeg" alt="John Richard Schrock" />
 <figcaption>John Richard Schrock</figcaption>
 </figure>By JOHN RICHARD SCHROCKBoth K–12 teachers and college professors are in major discussions over how to deal with the recently-released AI program that generates answers, essays and poetry upon request. However, Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) perhaps anticipated this situation in his classic “Gulliver’s Travels” released in 1726. While some youngsters today may remember reading excerpts from this tale, where Captain Gulliver ends up in countries where he is either a giant or a miniature dwarf, few will recall reading of his trip to the land of Lagano where he visits the Academy of Projectors and watches them use a machine called “The Engine.” To paraphrase Swift in modern English: In the middle of the room, a 20-foot by 20-foot table held many small wooden squares, each with&nbsp; single words in random order. This array included every word in their language. Forty handles at the edges of the table could be turned, completely rearranging the order of the words. Thirty-six students read the new combinations of words and where three or four words in a row made sense, they read them off to four scribes who wrote down the new sequence. The output of this “Engine” was to eventually compile all of the ways that words could be put together. Thereby the total amount of knowledge possible in the world could supposedly be known and written down. While this was far before the development of mechanical or electrical computation devices that we would call a “computer,” this 300-year old story caused readers to stop and question the role of language in our thinking. Is our expansion in knowledge over time just a matter of rearranging words?&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; In 1980, philosopher John Searle (now retired from U.C.-Berkeley) detailed this problem in “Minds, Brains, and Programs” published in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences. In his “Chinese Room” argument, a computer responds to Chinese questions using a program that constructs Chinese answers by using programmed instructions. This would convince a receiver that they were indeed talking to a Chinese person, thus passing the test proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 that would indicate intelligent behavior equivalent to a human. But Searle then uses himself as an example, using the same program rules to “translate” the Chinese and produce the answer, without understanding a bit of the language himself, to indicate how this is not human “understanding” at all. It is just “weak AI.” For several decades now, students have been able to input a word and their computer or smartphone will bring up a series of next-most-likely-words they can select without typing them out. That process has now been expanded to incorporate huge amounts of online verbiage, following rules of association that can, without any “understanding,” exhume the worst of past human expression. What is missing is experience. If there is no experience with a concept, there is no fullness in meaning.&nbsp; The few atomic scientists and military who personally witnessed an atomic bomb blast are nearly all gone. Our only substitute for such direct experiences is distant experience with relatively minor explosions, if anything at all. The visual images of historical footage carry little to no emotional impact. The phrase “no experience, no meaning” now underlies our growing dissociation with real world phenomena, and accelerates the ability of political actors to distort our shallow understanding through mediated messages. This basic tenet of “semantics” in the mode of Korzybski and Hayakawa underlies all meaningful communication and all teaching. The “Engine” of Lagano was wrong. Today our scientific terminology often derived from Latin and Greek is massive, far beyond its limited common usage several millennia ago, and will continue to grow. New scientific terms are added, defined by increased experiences detailed in the “methods” section of science articles. Dictionaries are history books, not law books, as I suspect Jonathan Swift understood. Artificial intelligence will remain truly artificial as long as machines cannot experience. And that includes the most recent proposals to integrate computation systems with actual neural tissues. Therefore, the answer to the problem posed by the future developments of ChatGPT and other word manipulation systems requires restoring the genuine real-world interactions for our younger generations of users through field trips, hands-on labs, travel, interactions with “others,” multilingual education, etc.&nbsp; Reality and real-world experiences may be dismissed in this digital age, but it remains the best place to get an education.&nbsp;&nbsp;John Richard Schrock has trained biology teachers for more than 30 years in Kansas. He also has lectured at 27 universities during 20 trips to China. He holds the distinction of “Faculty Emeritus” at Emporia State University.

EDUCATION FRONTLINES:  Jonathan Swift and ChatGPT

Today is Monday, March 20, the 79th day of 2023. There are 286 days left in the year.

On March 20, 1996, a jury in Los Angeles convicted Erik and Lyle Menendez of first-degree murder in the shotgun slayings of their wealthy parents. (They were sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.)

In 1413, England's King Henry IV died; he was succeeded by Henry V.

In 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte returned to Paris after escaping his exile on Elba, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.

In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe's influential novel about slavery, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," was first published in book form after being serialized.

In 1854, the Republican Party of the United States was founded by slavery opponents at a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin.

In 1922, the decommissioned USS Jupiter, converted into the first U.S. Navy aircraft carrier, was recommissioned as the USS Langley.

In 1952, the U.S. Senate ratified, 66-10, a Security Treaty with Japan.

In 1969, John Lennon married Yoko Ono in Gibraltar.

In 1976, kidnapped newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst was convicted of armed robbery for her part in a San Francisco bank holdup carried out by the Symbionese Liberation Army. (Hearst was sentenced to seven years in prison; she was released after serving 22 months, and was pardoned in 2001 by President Bill Clinton.)

In 1995, in Tokyo, 12 people were killed, more than 5,500 others sickened when packages containing the deadly chemical sarin were leaked on five separate subway trains by Aum Shinrikyo (ohm shin-ree-kyoh) cult members.

In 2014, President Barack Obama ordered economic sanctions against nearly two dozen members of Russian President Vladimir Putin's inner circle and a major bank that provided them support, raising the stakes in an East-West showdown over Ukraine.

In 2020, the governor of Illinois ordered residents to remain in their homes except for essential needs, joining similar efforts in California and New York to limit the spread of the coronavirus. Stocks tumbled again on Wall Street, ending their worst week since the 2008 financial crisis; the Dow fell more than 900 points to end the week with a 17% loss.

Ten years ago: Making his first visit to Israel since taking office, President Barack Obama affirmed Israel's sovereign right to defend itself from any threat and vowed to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons. Five former elected officials of Bell, California, were convicted of misappropriating public funds by paying themselves huge salaries while raising taxes on residents; one defendant was acquitted. Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper signed bills that put sweeping new restrictions on sales of firearms and ammunition.

Five years ago: Investigators pursuing a suspected serial bombing in Austin, Texas, shifted attention to a FedEx shipping center near San Antonio, where a package had exploded. In a phone call to Vladimir Putin, President Donald Trump offered congratulations on Putin's re-election victory; a senior official said Trump had been warned in briefing materials that he should not congratulate Putin.

One year ago: Ukrainian authorities said Russia's military bombed an art school sheltering about 400 people in the port city of Mariupol, where refugees described how "battles took place over every street," weeks into a devastating siege. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called on Israel to take a stronger stand against Russia, delivering an emotional appeal that compared Russia's invasion of his country to the actions of Nazi Germany. Yemen's Houthi rebels unleashed an intense barrage of drone and missile strikes on Saudi Arabia's critical energy facilities, sparking a fire at one site and temporarily cutting oil production at another. The salvo marked a serious escalation of rebel attacks on the kingdom as the war in Yemen raged into its eighth year.

Today's Birthdays: Actor Hal Linden is 92. Former Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney is 84. Basketball Hall of Fame coach Pat Riley is 78. Country singer-musician Ranger Doug (Riders in the Sky) is 77. Hockey Hall of Famer Bobby Orr is 75. Blues singer-musician Marcia Ball is 74. Rock musician Carl Palmer (Emerson, Lake and Palmer) is 73. Rock musician Jimmie Vaughan is 72. Actor Amy Aquino is 66. Movie director Spike Lee is 66. Actor Theresa Russell is 66. Actor Vanessa Bell Calloway is 66. Actor Holly Hunter is 65. Rock musician Slim Jim Phantom (The Stray Cats) is 62. Actor-model-designer Kathy Ireland is 60. Actor David Thewlis is 60. Rock musician Adrian Oxaal (James) is 58. Actor Jessica Lundy is 57. Actor Liza Snyder is 55. Actor Michael Rapaport is 53. Actor Alexander Chaplin is 52. Actor Cedric Yarbrough is 50. Actor Paula Garcés is 49. Actor Bianca Lawson is 44. Comedian-actor Mikey Day is 43. Actor Nick Blood (TV: "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.") is 41. Rock musician Nick Wheeler (The All-American Rejects) is 41. Actor Michael Cassidy is 40. Actor-singer Christy Carlson Romano is 39. Actor Ruby Rose is 37. Actor Barrett Doss is 34.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>By THE ASSOCIATED PRESSToday is Monday, March 20, the 79th day of 2023. There are 286 days left in the year.Today's Highlight in History:On March 20, 1996, a jury in Los Angeles convicted Erik and Lyle Menendez of first-degree murder in the shotgun slayings of their wealthy parents. (They were sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.)On this date:In 1413, England's King Henry IV died; he was succeeded by Henry V.In 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte returned to Paris after escaping his exile on Elba, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe's influential novel about slavery, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," was first published in book form after being serialized.In 1854, the Republican Party of the United States was founded by slavery opponents at a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin.In 1922, the decommissioned USS Jupiter, converted into the first U.S. Navy aircraft carrier, was recommissioned as the USS Langley.In 1952, the U.S. Senate ratified, 66-10, a Security Treaty with Japan.In 1969, John Lennon married Yoko Ono in Gibraltar.In 1976, kidnapped newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst was convicted of armed robbery for her part in a San Francisco bank holdup carried out by the Symbionese Liberation Army. (Hearst was sentenced to seven years in prison; she was released after serving 22 months, and was pardoned in 2001 by President Bill Clinton.)In 1995, in Tokyo, 12 people were killed, more than 5,500 others sickened when packages containing the deadly chemical sarin were leaked on five separate subway trains by Aum Shinrikyo (ohm shin-ree-kyoh) cult members.In 2014, President Barack Obama ordered economic sanctions against nearly two dozen members of Russian President Vladimir Putin's inner circle and a major bank that provided them support, raising the stakes in an East-West showdown over Ukraine.In 2020, the governor of Illinois ordered residents to remain in their homes except for essential needs, joining similar efforts in California and New York to limit the spread of the coronavirus. Stocks tumbled again on Wall Street, ending their worst week since the 2008 financial crisis; the Dow fell more than 900 points to end the week with a 17% loss.Ten years ago: Making his first visit to Israel since taking office, President Barack Obama affirmed Israel's sovereign right to defend itself from any threat and vowed to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons. Five former elected officials of Bell, California, were convicted of misappropriating public funds by paying themselves huge salaries while raising taxes on residents; one defendant was acquitted. Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper signed bills that put sweeping new restrictions on sales of firearms and ammunition.Five years ago: Investigators pursuing a suspected serial bombing in Austin, Texas, shifted attention to a FedEx shipping center near San Antonio, where a package had exploded. In a phone call to Vladimir Putin, President Donald Trump offered congratulations on Putin's re-election victory; a senior official said Trump had been warned in briefing materials that he should not congratulate Putin.One year ago: Ukrainian authorities said Russia's military bombed an art school sheltering about 400 people in the port city of Mariupol, where refugees described how "battles took place over every street," weeks into a devastating siege. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called on Israel to take a stronger stand against Russia, delivering an emotional appeal that compared Russia's invasion of his country to the actions of Nazi Germany. Yemen's Houthi rebels unleashed an intense barrage of drone and missile strikes on Saudi Arabia's critical energy facilities, sparking a fire at one site and temporarily cutting oil production at another. The salvo marked a serious escalation of rebel attacks on the kingdom as the war in Yemen raged into its eighth year.Today's Birthdays: Actor Hal Linden is 92. Former Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney is 84. Basketball Hall of Fame coach Pat Riley is 78. Country singer-musician Ranger Doug (Riders in the Sky) is 77. Hockey Hall of Famer Bobby Orr is 75. Blues singer-musician Marcia Ball is 74. Rock musician Carl Palmer (Emerson, Lake and Palmer) is 73. Rock musician Jimmie Vaughan is 72. Actor Amy Aquino is 66. Movie director Spike Lee is 66. Actor Theresa Russell is 66. Actor Vanessa Bell Calloway is 66. Actor Holly Hunter is 65. Rock musician Slim Jim Phantom (The Stray Cats) is 62. Actor-model-designer Kathy Ireland is 60. Actor David Thewlis is 60. Rock musician Adrian Oxaal (James) is 58. Actor Jessica Lundy is 57. Actor Liza Snyder is 55. Actor Michael Rapaport is 53. Actor Alexander Chaplin is 52. Actor Cedric Yarbrough is 50. Actor Paula Garcés is 49. Actor Bianca Lawson is 44. Comedian-actor Mikey Day is 43. Actor Nick Blood (TV: "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.") is 41. Rock musician Nick Wheeler (The All-American Rejects) is 41. Actor Michael Cassidy is 40. Actor-singer Christy Carlson Romano is 39. Actor Ruby Rose is 37. Actor Barrett Doss is 34.

Today in History - March 20

Bid awards, zoning, soil transfer, and recognition of Major Dennis Pugh Remembrance Day are among the items on the Salina City Commission agenda for Monday.

Study sessions and city commission meetings will take place in–person in room 107 of the City-County Building, 300 West Ash Street, and via Zoom until further notice. Meetings also can be viewed at the City of Salina YouTube channel,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas">https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas</a>.

To participate via Zoom, citizens will need to use the following link:&nbsp;<a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587">https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587</a>.

The meeting also can be accessed by phone at 1-346-248-7799. Enter Meeting ID:892 7598 4587 when prompted.

If citizens wish to speak, either during the public forum or when the mayor requests public comment on an item, citizens attending via Zoom must raise their hands so that the meeting host can allow them to speak. Those who attend the in-person meeting will have the opportunity to speak at the podium.

Citizens can also send written comments or questions to City Commissioners by visiting the City of Salina’s website at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.salina-ks.gov/">www.salina-ks.gov</a>&nbsp;and using the “Email City Commission” icon on the home page.

In order for the commissioners to have an opportunity to review comments in advance of the meeting, please email your comments or questions by 5 p.m. the Sunday prior to the Monday meetings.

Commissioners are scheduled to meet in a study session at 2:30 p.m. Monday. The topic of the study session is Infill Housing Strategy.

The regular meeting is scheduled to begin at 4 p.m.

Among the items on the agenda is a request for Mayor Mike Hoppock to proclaim March 19, 2023, as Major Dennis Pugh Remembrance Day. Jason McIntire, commander of the Sons of the American Legion, is scheduled to read the proclamation, according to commission meeting packet information.

Pugh, who graduated from Salina High School in 1962, also graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1967, according to information in the proclamation. He went on to earn a master's degree in qualitative analysis-mathematical methods from UCLA before going to Mather Air Force Base in Sacramento, Calif., where he was in navigator's training. Pugh also went to Combat Crew Training and Survival schools before he was sent overseas.

In September of 1969, he was sent to Ubon, Thailand, to fly F4s. While flying as a weapons/systems officer on a March 19, 1970, mission over the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the Khammouane Province of Laos, the aircraft took fire, the proclamation noted. Pugh and his pilot ejected safely.

Initially, search and rescue personnel had radio contact with Pugh, but were unable to rescue him and his pilot because of darkness. The following day, radio contact was re-established, and Pugh reported that enemy forces were nearby. According to the proclamation, Pugh requested that ordnance be placed on his position and he held down the transmit key on his radio. Asian voices were heard, followed by 15 to 20 shots. Then silence. Ordinance was placed on his position and there was no further contact from Pugh.

While Pugh's pilot, Captain Richard A. Rash, was rescued on March 21, 1970, Pugh's body was not found.

To read the full proclamation, <a href="http://weblink.salina.org/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=505853&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=Salina&amp;cr=1">click here</a>.

Other items on the Salina City Commission agenda include the following.

●Consider awarding a bid for the 2023 chip seal project to APAC-Kansas, Inc., Shears Division of Emporia in the amount of $278891.53 with a five-percent ($13,944.58) construction contingency, and consider authorizing the city manager to execute a contract with APAC-Kansas, Inc., Shears Division of Emporia.

●Consider approving on second reading a proposed ordinance that would change the zoning district classification of the west half of the property at 509 E. Elm Street from I-2 (light industrial) to C-1 (restricted business) to unify the zoning of the CKF campus and to allow addiction treatment housing on property CKF is acquiring from Saint Francis Community Services, Inc.

●Consider approving a bid award for a Centennial Road project between W. Water Well Road to Arnold Avenue for $2,188,388.51 with a five-percent ($109,420) construction contingency, and consider authorizing the city manager to execute a contract with TRR, Inc., dba T&amp;R Construction of Salina for the work.

●Consider approving a proposed resolution declaring the city eligible to submit an implementation grant application to the Pathways to a Healthy Kansas, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas grant program, in partnership with Live Well Saline County, and consider authorizing the city manager to submit the application.

●Consider authorizing the city manager to execute a purchase agreement with Foley Equipment Company, a Kansas corporation dba Foley Caterpillar, to purchase a new landfill compactor in the amount of $978,000.

●Consider authorizing the city manager to execute an agreement with TRR, Inc., dba T&amp;R Construction, in the amount of $523,380 to load, haul, stockpile or place soils from the Schwan's detention pond to the City of Salina Solid Waste Municipal Landfill at 4292 S. Burma Road, the old city dump site at 1960 State Street, and the pond in Jerry Ivey Memorial Park at 2465 Edward Street. Additionally, commissioners are to consider authorizing the city manager to execute a 30-day equipment rental agreement for a dozer and excavator with Foley Equipment Company, a Kansas corporation dba Foley Caterpillar, in the amount of $21,042 to prepare the old city dump site at 1960 State Street for cover soil remediation work.

To see the full Salina City Commission agenda for Monday, <a href="http://weblink.salina.org/WebLink/Browse.aspx?id=505849&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=Salina">click here</a>.

By SALINA POSTBid awards, zoning, soil transfer, and recognition of Major Dennis Pugh Remembrance Day are among the items on the Salina City Commission agenda for Monday.<h2>About the meeting</h2>Study sessions and city commission meetings will take place in–person in room 107 of the City-County Building, 300 West Ash Street, and via Zoom until further notice. Meetings also can be viewed at the City of Salina YouTube channel,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas">https://www.youtube.com/cityofSalinaKansas</a>.To participate via Zoom, citizens will need to use the following link:&nbsp;<a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587">https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89275984587</a>.The meeting also can be accessed by phone at 1-346-248-7799. Enter Meeting ID:892 7598 4587 when prompted.If citizens wish to speak, either during the public forum or when the mayor requests public comment on an item, citizens attending via Zoom must raise their hands so that the meeting host can allow them to speak. Those who attend the in-person meeting will have the opportunity to speak at the podium.Citizens can also send written comments or questions to City Commissioners by visiting the City of Salina’s website at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.salina-ks.gov/">www.salina-ks.gov</a>&nbsp;and using the “Email City Commission” icon on the home page.In order for the commissioners to have an opportunity to review comments in advance of the meeting, please email your comments or questions by 5 p.m. the Sunday prior to the Monday meetings.<h2>Study session</h2>Commissioners are scheduled to meet in a study session at 2:30 p.m. Monday. The topic of the study session is Infill Housing Strategy.<h2>Regular meeting</h2>The regular meeting is scheduled to begin at 4 p.m.Among the items on the agenda is a request for Mayor Mike Hoppock to proclaim March 19, 2023, as Major Dennis Pugh Remembrance Day. Jason McIntire, commander of the Sons of the American Legion, is scheduled to read the proclamation, according to commission meeting packet information.Pugh, who graduated from Salina High School in 1962, also graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1967, according to information in the proclamation. He went on to earn a master's degree in qualitative analysis-mathematical methods from UCLA before going to Mather Air Force Base in Sacramento, Calif., where he was in navigator's training. Pugh also went to Combat Crew Training and Survival schools before he was sent overseas.In September of 1969, he was sent to Ubon, Thailand, to fly F4s. While flying as a weapons/systems officer on a March 19, 1970, mission over the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the Khammouane Province of Laos, the aircraft took fire, the proclamation noted. Pugh and his pilot ejected safely.Initially, search and rescue personnel had radio contact with Pugh, but were unable to rescue him and his pilot because of darkness. The following day, radio contact was re-established, and Pugh reported that enemy forces were nearby. According to the proclamation, Pugh requested that ordnance be placed on his position and he held down the transmit key on his radio. Asian voices were heard, followed by 15 to 20 shots. Then silence. Ordinance was placed on his position and there was no further contact from Pugh.While Pugh's pilot, Captain Richard A. Rash, was rescued on March 21, 1970, Pugh's body was not found.To read the full proclamation, <a href="http://weblink.salina.org/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=505853&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=Salina&amp;cr=1">click here</a>.Other items on the Salina City Commission agenda include the following.●Consider awarding a bid for the 2023 chip seal project to APAC-Kansas, Inc., Shears Division of Emporia in the amount of $278891.53 with a five-percent ($13,944.58) construction contingency, and consider authorizing the city manager to execute a contract with APAC-Kansas, Inc., Shears Division of Emporia.●Consider approving on second reading a proposed ordinance that would change the zoning district classification of the west half of the property at 509 E. Elm Street from I-2 (light industrial) to C-1 (restricted business) to unify the zoning of the CKF campus and to allow addiction treatment housing on property CKF is acquiring from Saint Francis Community Services, Inc.●Consider approving a bid award for a Centennial Road project between W. Water Well Road to Arnold Avenue for $2,188,388.51 with a five-percent ($109,420) construction contingency, and consider authorizing the city manager to execute a contract with TRR, Inc., dba T&amp;R Construction of Salina for the work.●Consider approving a proposed resolution declaring the city eligible to submit an implementation grant application to the Pathways to a Healthy Kansas, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas grant program, in partnership with Live Well Saline County, and consider authorizing the city manager to submit the application.●Consider authorizing the city manager to execute a purchase agreement with Foley Equipment Company, a Kansas corporation dba Foley Caterpillar, to purchase a new landfill compactor in the amount of $978,000.●Consider authorizing the city manager to execute an agreement with TRR, Inc., dba T&amp;R Construction, in the amount of $523,380 to load, haul, stockpile or place soils from the Schwan's detention pond to the City of Salina Solid Waste Municipal Landfill at 4292 S. Burma Road, the old city dump site at 1960 State Street, and the pond in Jerry Ivey Memorial Park at 2465 Edward Street. Additionally, commissioners are to consider authorizing the city manager to execute a 30-day equipment rental agreement for a dozer and excavator with Foley Equipment Company, a Kansas corporation dba Foley Caterpillar, in the amount of $21,042 to prepare the old city dump site at 1960 State Street for cover soil remediation work.To see the full Salina City Commission agenda for Monday, <a href="http://weblink.salina.org/WebLink/Browse.aspx?id=505849&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=Salina">click here</a>.

Major Dennis Pugh Remembrance Day among City of Salina agenda items

By EIAN PRACHT Smoky View 4-H Club reporter

Smoky View 4-H attended the Central Kansas District (CKD) 4-H Club Day at Salina South Middle School on Feb. 25 to compete with other clubs and to have fun.&nbsp;

Club Day is an annual 4-H event where 4-H clubs get together to compete in presenting talks and demonstrations, and Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) judging, as well as participating in a photography judging school.&nbsp;

READ: <a href="https://salinapost.com/posts/678e34b2-8a04-4c9d-aab2-0bfc2d774035">4-H members place at annual Club Day competition</a>

Many Smoky View members shared presentations, music, talks, and demonstrations. These members are Eddie Littich, Maia Pracht, Brik Johnson, Krew Swisher, J.D. Mettlen, Remington Lofdahl, Hensli Lofdahl, Kayla Norberg, Brynna Anderson, Acacia Pracht, and Eian Pracht. 

Three of these members qualified for the regional Club Day on March 25: Brik Johnson, Hensli Lofdahl, and Eddie Littich.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/3/1679258887271.jpeg" alt="Smoky View 4-H Club member Acacia Pracht, left, participates in the photography judging school at the Central Kansas District 4-H Club Day on Feb. 25 at Salina South Middle School. Photo by&nbsp;Amber Pracht courtesy Smoky View 4-H Club" />
 <figcaption>Smoky View 4-H Club member Acacia Pracht, left, participates in the photography judging school at the Central Kansas District 4-H Club Day on Feb. 25 at Salina South Middle School. Photo by&nbsp;Amber Pracht courtesy Smoky View 4-H Club</figcaption>
 </figure>By EIAN PRACHT Smoky View 4-H Club reporter Smoky View 4-H attended the Central Kansas District (CKD) 4-H Club Day at Salina South Middle School on Feb. 25 to compete with other clubs and to have fun.&nbsp;Club Day is an annual 4-H event where 4-H clubs get together to compete in presenting talks and demonstrations, and Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) judging, as well as participating in a photography judging school.&nbsp;READ: <a href="https://salinapost.com/posts/678e34b2-8a04-4c9d-aab2-0bfc2d774035">4-H members place at annual Club Day competition</a>Many Smoky View members shared presentations, music, talks, and demonstrations. These members are Eddie Littich, Maia Pracht, Brik Johnson, Krew Swisher, J.D. Mettlen, Remington Lofdahl, Hensli Lofdahl, Kayla Norberg, Brynna Anderson, Acacia Pracht, and Eian Pracht. Three of these members qualified for the regional Club Day on March 25: Brik Johnson, Hensli Lofdahl, and Eddie Littich.&nbsp;

Smoky View 4-H competes in Central Kansas District Club Day

By ANDREW RAYO Consumer education specialist

So, you’re scrolling through Facebook or Instagram and spot an ad for clothing. Or maybe you’re shopping for gadgets on Etsy or Amazon. When the seller says the product “ships from the USA,” what does that really mean?

What it&nbsp;doesn’t&nbsp;necessarily&nbsp;mean is that a product is also&nbsp;made&nbsp;in the USA. Let’s say there’s a product that was made overseas. Sometimes, stores will ship that product to U.S. distribution centers. No problem. Sometimes, stores will let customers know that the product is shipping from within the U.S. Again, no problem — as long as it’s clear those products aren’t U.S.-made. If a store doesn’t make that difference clear, chances are the products aren’t “made in the USA.”

Here’s what else to know when you&nbsp;<a href="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/online-shopping">shop online</a>:

●Before you buy, check it out.&nbsp;Search&nbsp;online for the name of the store, plus words like “scam” or “complaint.”

●Check the reviews.&nbsp;See if others have had good or bad experiences with the store. Focus on sites you know are credible and that offer impartial reviews from real experts.

●Look up the return policy.&nbsp;Find out if the store takes returns and gives refunds.

●Pay by credit card, if you can.&nbsp;Credit cards offer the most protection against fraud, including the right to&nbsp;dispute charges&nbsp;if there are problems with your purchase.

If you think a store is trying to pass off their products as "made in the USA" when they’re not, report it at&nbsp;<a href="https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/#/">ReportFraud.ftc.gov</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/3/1679255060459.png" alt="Image courtesy FTC" />
 <figcaption>Image courtesy FTC</figcaption>
 </figure>By ANDREW RAYO Consumer education specialistSo, you’re scrolling through Facebook or Instagram and spot an ad for clothing. Or maybe you’re shopping for gadgets on Etsy or Amazon. When the seller says the product “ships from the USA,” what does that really mean?What it&nbsp;doesn’t&nbsp;necessarily&nbsp;mean is that a product is also&nbsp;made&nbsp;in the USA. Let’s say there’s a product that was made overseas. Sometimes, stores will ship that product to U.S. distribution centers. No problem. Sometimes, stores will let customers know that the product is shipping from within the U.S. Again, no problem — as long as it’s clear those products aren’t U.S.-made. If a store doesn’t make that difference clear, chances are the products aren’t “made in the USA.”Here’s what else to know when you&nbsp;<a href="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/online-shopping">shop online</a>:●Before you buy, check it out.&nbsp;Search&nbsp;online for the name of the store, plus words like “scam” or “complaint.”●Check the reviews.&nbsp;See if others have had good or bad experiences with the store. Focus on sites you know are credible and that offer impartial reviews from real experts.●Look up the return policy.&nbsp;Find out if the store takes returns and gives refunds.●Pay by credit card, if you can.&nbsp;Credit cards offer the most protection against fraud, including the right to&nbsp;dispute charges&nbsp;if there are problems with your purchase.If you think a store is trying to pass off their products as "made in the USA" when they’re not, report it at&nbsp;<a href="https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/#/">ReportFraud.ftc.gov</a>.

'Ships from the USA' doesn’t always mean 'Made in the USA'

By GENE POLICINSKI Freedom Forum

Whenever shocking videos hit the news, it revives talk of violence in media and how, when and if the media should print, post or air violent images.

As we recognize&nbsp;<a href="https://www.freedomforum.org/perspective-free-speech-and-press-need-freedom-of-information" target="_blank">Sunshine Week</a>, an annual review of what information is or should be available to the public, let’s consider two of the latest videos that shocked the nation: The abhorrent beating and tasing of&nbsp;Tyre Nichols&nbsp;by Memphis police and the assault on&nbsp;Paul Pelosi&nbsp;by a hammer-wielding assailant.

Both incidents were insults to humanity, and that’s exactly why an independent free press did the right thing by bringing those images to us. A&nbsp;<a href="https://www.freedomforum.org/freedom-of-press/" target="_blank">free press</a>&nbsp;must deliver those images no matter how hard they are to watch and how repugnant the violence is to any fair-minded person.

In Nichols’ case, a combination of videos showed an unresisting victim subjected to abuse by multiple officers and then being denied medical attention. It’s the latest moment in which we have had to confront lawlessness by the very people charged with enforcing our laws.

Security video and police body cameras showed a man breaking into the home of former Speaker of the House&nbsp;Nancy Pelosi&nbsp;and then later grappling with her husband Paul Pelosi for control of a hammer, before the assailant wrested it free and slammed it into his skull. In addition to being evidence of the crime, the Pelosi video also refutes scurrilous online posts looking for political gain by saying that Pelosi had invited the man into his home.

Watch we must, if only to gauge for ourselves the scope and horror of each one. A free press role as “watchdog” exists not just to bite but also to bark warnings when something transgresses our collective safety, morality and national identity.

As news consumers, we’re all challenged today with videos from multiple sources that produce a tidal wave of imagery, many posted without context or shaped by personal views, political strategies or simply serving as clickbait.

In contrast, newsroom decisions are rooted in long-term experience and professional standards. Journalism groups such as the Radio Television Digital News Association have extensive&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rtdna.org/ethics" target="_blank">ethics codes</a>&nbsp;that remind decision-makers to minimize potential harm and to avoid sensationalizing what’s posted, seen or printed.

Austin American-Statesman&nbsp;Executive Editor Manny García shares the&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/UbOEdZjiw74?t=287" target="_blank">decision-making process and challenges involved in publishing security footage</a>&nbsp;from inside the Uvalde, Texas, elementary school during the May 2022 shooting there. The outlet’s video report edited out the screams of children but not the sounds of gunfire to hold law enforcement accountable for misleading narratives about their response and to counter misinformation.

To be sure, not all news outlets live by such codes, but most do – and it’s glaringly clear when they don’t.

In these examples, broadcast and cable news outlets took steps to warn of the graphic nature. In the Pelosi video, most airings intentionally halted the video just before the hammer blow landed.

Of the Nichols video, ABC News anchor&nbsp;David Muir&nbsp;said the images were so “difficult” that only portions would be shown. News anchors quickly began warning viewers that the images they were about to see were “disturbing,” and some even advised that the videos were not suitable for children to view.

CNN and others reported that social media platforms brought their own “terms of service” to bear, and NBC News said the Nichols video “has been identified by the YouTube community as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.”

Deserving of criticism: The self-serving drumbeat in several media outlets leading up to the moment Memphis police released the Nichols video. It most closely resembled a lead-in to a lottery prize drawing or the on-screen countdown to midnight on New Year’s Eve. Neither was appropriate for the release of a video showing graphic violence that led to a death.

Shock and debate over violence in media is not new. During the Civil War, the public saw for the first time the true pictures of shattered bodies, grotesque injuries and fields filled with corpses. A&nbsp;<a href="https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/photography-and-civil-war" target="_blank">report by the Battlefield Trust</a>&nbsp;says, “Civil War&nbsp;photographs stripped away much of the Victorian-era romance around warfare.” Images during the two World Wars countered government propaganda that attempted to hide the horrors of war. And there is no doubt that daily release of graphic images from Vietnam contributed to the loss of public and political support for U.S. involvement there.

Most recently, footage of the 1991 beating of&nbsp;Rodney King&nbsp;by Los Angeles police, the inhuman assault of&nbsp;George Floyd&nbsp;in 2020 by Minneapolis police and Nichols’ assault and death have provided an electronic window into criminal incidents that might otherwise have been filed under “resisting arrest” or some similarly distorted accounts.

In an era where all too many have little to no faith in what the free press reports, these real-time video accounts at least provide a common starting point for discussion and debate over police procedures and training.

Civil Rights-era photos and TV news reports could not be refuted by those who denied or distorted for decades the level of abuse and violence being directed at Black people. Films of Nazi concentration camps still stand to refute Holocaust deniers. And modern videos, from police body cameras and civilian cellphone footage, are a new, effective tool to counter false or misleading police reports of victims “resisting arrest” or attempting to grab weapons.

Yes, many of those images are too awful to see.

Gene Policinski is a senior fellow for the First Amendment at the Freedom Forum. He can be reached at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:gpolicinski@freedomforum.org" target="_blank">gpolicinski@freedomforum.org</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/9/1632538886369.jpeg" alt="Gene Policinski. Photo courtesy Freedom Forum" />
 <figcaption>Gene Policinski. Photo courtesy Freedom Forum</figcaption>
 </figure>By GENE POLICINSKI Freedom ForumWhenever shocking videos hit the news, it revives talk of violence in media and how, when and if the media should print, post or air violent images.As we recognize&nbsp;<a href="https://www.freedomforum.org/perspective-free-speech-and-press-need-freedom-of-information" target="_blank">Sunshine Week</a>, an annual review of what information is or should be available to the public, let’s consider two of the latest videos that shocked the nation: The abhorrent beating and tasing of&nbsp;Tyre Nichols&nbsp;by Memphis police and the assault on&nbsp;Paul Pelosi&nbsp;by a hammer-wielding assailant.Both incidents were insults to humanity, and that’s exactly why an independent free press did the right thing by bringing those images to us. A&nbsp;<a href="https://www.freedomforum.org/freedom-of-press/" target="_blank">free press</a>&nbsp;must deliver those images no matter how hard they are to watch and how repugnant the violence is to any fair-minded person.In Nichols’ case, a combination of videos showed an unresisting victim subjected to abuse by multiple officers and then being denied medical attention. It’s the latest moment in which we have had to confront lawlessness by the very people charged with enforcing our laws.Security video and police body cameras showed a man breaking into the home of former Speaker of the House&nbsp;Nancy Pelosi&nbsp;and then later grappling with her husband Paul Pelosi for control of a hammer, before the assailant wrested it free and slammed it into his skull. In addition to being evidence of the crime, the Pelosi video also refutes scurrilous online posts looking for political gain by saying that Pelosi had invited the man into his home.Watch we must, if only to gauge for ourselves the scope and horror of each one. A free press role as “watchdog” exists not just to bite but also to bark warnings when something transgresses our collective safety, morality and national identity.As news consumers, we’re all challenged today with videos from multiple sources that produce a tidal wave of imagery, many posted without context or shaped by personal views, political strategies or simply serving as clickbait.In contrast, newsroom decisions are rooted in long-term experience and professional standards. Journalism groups such as the Radio Television Digital News Association have extensive&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rtdna.org/ethics" target="_blank">ethics codes</a>&nbsp;that remind decision-makers to minimize potential harm and to avoid sensationalizing what’s posted, seen or printed.<h2>Inside one newsroom's decision</h2>Austin American-Statesman&nbsp;Executive Editor Manny García shares the&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/UbOEdZjiw74?t=287" target="_blank">decision-making process and challenges involved in publishing security footage</a>&nbsp;from inside the Uvalde, Texas, elementary school during the May 2022 shooting there. The outlet’s video report edited out the screams of children but not the sounds of gunfire to hold law enforcement accountable for misleading narratives about their response and to counter misinformation.To be sure, not all news outlets live by such codes, but most do – and it’s glaringly clear when they don’t.In these examples, broadcast and cable news outlets took steps to warn of the graphic nature. In the Pelosi video, most airings intentionally halted the video just before the hammer blow landed.Of the Nichols video, ABC News anchor&nbsp;David Muir&nbsp;said the images were so “difficult” that only portions would be shown. News anchors quickly began warning viewers that the images they were about to see were “disturbing,” and some even advised that the videos were not suitable for children to view.CNN and others reported that social media platforms brought their own “terms of service” to bear, and NBC News said the Nichols video “has been identified by the YouTube community as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.”Deserving of criticism: The self-serving drumbeat in several media outlets leading up to the moment Memphis police released the Nichols video. It most closely resembled a lead-in to a lottery prize drawing or the on-screen countdown to midnight on New Year’s Eve. Neither was appropriate for the release of a video showing graphic violence that led to a death.Shock and debate over violence in media is not new. During the Civil War, the public saw for the first time the true pictures of shattered bodies, grotesque injuries and fields filled with corpses. A&nbsp;<a href="https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/photography-and-civil-war" target="_blank">report by the Battlefield Trust</a>&nbsp;says, “Civil War&nbsp;photographs stripped away much of the Victorian-era romance around warfare.” Images during the two World Wars countered government propaganda that attempted to hide the horrors of war. And there is no doubt that daily release of graphic images from Vietnam contributed to the loss of public and political support for U.S. involvement there.Most recently, footage of the 1991 beating of&nbsp;Rodney King&nbsp;by Los Angeles police, the inhuman assault of&nbsp;George Floyd&nbsp;in 2020 by Minneapolis police and Nichols’ assault and death have provided an electronic window into criminal incidents that might otherwise have been filed under “resisting arrest” or some similarly distorted accounts.In an era where all too many have little to no faith in what the free press reports, these real-time video accounts at least provide a common starting point for discussion and debate over police procedures and training.Civil Rights-era photos and TV news reports could not be refuted by those who denied or distorted for decades the level of abuse and violence being directed at Black people. Films of Nazi concentration camps still stand to refute Holocaust deniers. And modern videos, from police body cameras and civilian cellphone footage, are a new, effective tool to counter false or misleading police reports of victims “resisting arrest” or attempting to grab weapons.Yes, many of those images are too awful to see.And too awful not to see.Gene Policinski is a senior fellow for the First Amendment at the Freedom Forum. He can be reached at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:gpolicinski@freedomforum.org" target="_blank">gpolicinski@freedomforum.org</a>.

FIRST FIVE: How (and why) graphic images make the news

By MADDY ROHR K-State Research and Extension News Service&nbsp;

MANHATTAN — As lawns begin to turn green, controlling weeds and applying fertilizer is important.&nbsp;

Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue are among the most common cool-season grasses needing attention, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Ward Upham, who shares the following maintenance calendar.&nbsp;

March Spot treat broadleaf weeds, if necessary. Treat on a day that is 50 degrees or warmer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness. April Apply crabgrass preventer when redbud trees are in full bloom, usually in April. The preventer needs to be watered in before it will start to work. One-quarter inch of water will be enough to water in any of the products commonly available. Remember that a good, thick lawn is the best weed prevention and may be all that is needed. May Fertilize the lawn with a slow-release fertilizer if you water your lawn or if you normally receive enough rainfall that your turf doesn’t go drought-dormant during the summer.&nbsp;

If there are broadleaf weeds, spot treat with a spray or use a fertilizer that includes a weed killer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness of the weed killer, but the fertilizer needs to be watered in. If you are using a product that has both fertilizer and weed killer, wait 24 hours after application before watering in.&nbsp;

If grubs have been a problem in the past, apply a product containing imidacloprid or chlorantraniliprole during May or anytime from May through June for imidacloprid. These products work to prevent grub damage. If rainfall does not occur within 24 hours, irrigate with ¼ inch of water. June through mid-July Apply second round of crabgrass preventer by June 15 – unless you have used Dimension (dithiopyr) or Barricade (prodiamine) for the April application. These two products normally provide season-long control with a single application. Remember to water it in. Late-July through August If you see grub damage, apply a grub killer that contains Dylox. Imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole are effective against young grubs but may not be effective on late instar grubs. The grub killer containing Dylox must be watered in within 24 hours or effectiveness drops. September Fertilize around Labor Day. This is the most important fertilization of the year. Water in the fertilizer if rainfall does not occur. November Fertilize. This fertilizer is taken up by the roots but is not used until the following spring. Water in fertilizer.&nbsp;

Spray for broadleaf weeds even if they are small. Broadleaf weeds are much easier to control in the fall than in the spring. Try to spray on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours reduces effectiveness. Use label rates for all products.&nbsp;

Upham and his colleagues in K-State's Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources produce a weekly&nbsp;<a href="https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/info-center/newsletters/index.html" target="_blank">Horticulture Newsletter</a>&nbsp;with tips for maintaining home landscapes and gardens. The newsletter is available to view online or can be delivered by email each week.&nbsp;

Interested persons can also send their garden and yard-related questions to Upham at&nbsp;wupham@ksu.edu, or contact your&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html" target="_blank">local K-State Research and Extension office</a>.

By MADDY ROHR K-State Research and Extension News Service&nbsp;MANHATTAN — As lawns begin to turn green, controlling weeds and applying fertilizer is important.&nbsp;Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue are among the most common cool-season grasses needing attention, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Ward Upham, who shares the following maintenance calendar.&nbsp;March Spot treat broadleaf weeds, if necessary. Treat on a day that is 50 degrees or warmer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness. April Apply crabgrass preventer when redbud trees are in full bloom, usually in April. The preventer needs to be watered in before it will start to work. One-quarter inch of water will be enough to water in any of the products commonly available. Remember that a good, thick lawn is the best weed prevention and may be all that is needed. May Fertilize the lawn with a slow-release fertilizer if you water your lawn or if you normally receive enough rainfall that your turf doesn’t go drought-dormant during the summer.&nbsp;If there are broadleaf weeds, spot treat with a spray or use a fertilizer that includes a weed killer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness of the weed killer, but the fertilizer needs to be watered in. If you are using a product that has both fertilizer and weed killer, wait 24 hours after application before watering in.&nbsp;If grubs have been a problem in the past, apply a product containing imidacloprid or chlorantraniliprole during May or anytime from May through June for imidacloprid. These products work to prevent grub damage. If rainfall does not occur within 24 hours, irrigate with ¼ inch of water. June through mid-July Apply second round of crabgrass preventer by June 15 – unless you have used Dimension (dithiopyr) or Barricade (prodiamine) for the April application. These two products normally provide season-long control with a single application. Remember to water it in. Late-July through August If you see grub damage, apply a grub killer that contains Dylox. Imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole are effective against young grubs but may not be effective on late instar grubs. The grub killer containing Dylox must be watered in within 24 hours or effectiveness drops. September Fertilize around Labor Day. This is the most important fertilization of the year. Water in the fertilizer if rainfall does not occur. November Fertilize. This fertilizer is taken up by the roots but is not used until the following spring. Water in fertilizer.&nbsp;Spray for broadleaf weeds even if they are small. Broadleaf weeds are much easier to control in the fall than in the spring. Try to spray on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours reduces effectiveness. Use label rates for all products.&nbsp;Upham and his colleagues in K-State's Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources produce a weekly&nbsp;<a href="https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/info-center/newsletters/index.html" target="_blank">Horticulture Newsletter</a>&nbsp;with tips for maintaining home landscapes and gardens. The newsletter is available to view online or can be delivered by email each week.&nbsp;Interested persons can also send their garden and yard-related questions to Upham at&nbsp;wupham@ksu.edu, or contact your&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html" target="_blank">local K-State Research and Extension office</a>.

Lawn calendar for cool-season grasses in Kansas

Today is Sunday, March 19, the 78th day of 2023. There are 287 days left in the year.

On March 19, 1945, during World War II, 724 people were killed when a Japanese dive bomber attacked the carrier USS Franklin off Japan (the ship was saved). Adolf Hitler ordered the destruction of German facilities that could fall into Allied hands in his so-called "Nero Decree," which was largely disregarded.

In 1859, the opera "Faust" by Charles Gounod premiered in Paris.

In 1931, Nevada Gov. Fred B. Balzar signed a measure legalizing casino gambling.

In 1942, during World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered men between the ages of 45 and 64, inclusive, to register for non-military duty.

In 1977, the series finale of "Mary Tyler Moore" aired on CBS-TV, ending the situation comedy's seven-season run.

In 1987, televangelist Jim Bakker resigned as chairman of his PTL ministry organization amid a sex and money scandal involving Jessica Hahn, a former church secretary.

In 1991, Polish President Lech Walesa arrived in Washington for his first state visit to the United States.

In 1995, after a 21-month hiatus, Michael Jordan returned to professional basketball with his former team, the Chicago Bulls.

In 1997, artist Willem de Kooning, considered one of the 20th century's greatest painters, died in East Hampton, New York, at age 92.

In 2003, President George W. Bush ordered the start of war against Iraq. (Because of the time difference, it was early March 20 in Iraq.)

In 2007, a methane gas explosion in a Siberian coal mine killed 110 workers.

In 2020, President Donald Trump focused attention on a malaria drug, chloroquine, as a possible coronavirus treatment; the FDA issued a statement saying that there were "no FDA-approved therapeutics" to treat COVID-19.

Ten years ago: Pope Francis officially began his ministry as the 266th pope, receiving the ring symbolizing the papacy and a wool stole exemplifying his role as shepherd of his 1.2-billion-strong flock during a Mass at the Vatican. Insurgents carried out a wave of bombings across Iraq that killed at least 65 people. Harry Reems, 65, co-star of the 1972 adult-film classic "Deep Throat," died in Salt Lake City.

Five years ago: Speaking in New Hampshire, a state ravaged by opioids, President Donald Trump called for stiffer penalties for drug traffickers, including the death penalty. Former tennis star Martina Navratilova said she was "extremely angry" to learn that the BBC paid John McEnroe at least 10 times more than her for their broadcasting roles at Wimbledon. Former "Sex and the City" star Cynthia Nixon announced that she would challenge New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo in a Democratic primary in September. (Cuomo easily beat back the challenge.)

One year ago: Russian forces pushed deeper into Ukraine's besieged and battered port city of Mariupol, where heavy fighting shut down a major steel plant and local authorities pleaded for more Western help. Four U.S. Marines were killed when their Osprey aircraft crashed in a Norwegian town in the Arctic Circle during a NATO exercise unrelated to the Ukraine war. A former Apple employee was charged with defrauding the tech giant out of more than $10 million by taking kickbacks, stealing equipment and laundering money, federal prosecutors said.

Today's Birthdays: Actor Renee Taylor is 90. Actor Ursula Andress is 87. Singer Clarence "Frogman" Henry is 86. Singer Ruth Pointer (The Pointer Sisters) is 77. Actor Glenn Close is 76. Actor Bruce Willis is 68. Actor-comedian Mary Scheer is 60. Playwright Neil LaBute is 60. Actor Connor Trinneer is 54. Rock musician Gert Bettens (K's Choice) is 53. Rapper Bun B is 50. Rock musician Zach Lind (Jimmy Eat World) is 47. Actor Virginia Williams is 45. Actor Abby Brammell is 44. MLB pitcher Clayton Kershaw is 35. Actor Craig Lamar Traylor is 34. Actor Philip Bolden is 28.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>By THE ASSOCIATED PRESSToday is Sunday, March 19, the 78th day of 2023. There are 287 days left in the year.Today's Highlight in History:On March 19, 1945, during World War II, 724 people were killed when a Japanese dive bomber attacked the carrier USS Franklin off Japan (the ship was saved). Adolf Hitler ordered the destruction of German facilities that could fall into Allied hands in his so-called "Nero Decree," which was largely disregarded.On this date:In 1859, the opera "Faust" by Charles Gounod premiered in Paris.In 1931, Nevada Gov. Fred B. Balzar signed a measure legalizing casino gambling.In 1942, during World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered men between the ages of 45 and 64, inclusive, to register for non-military duty.In 1977, the series finale of "Mary Tyler Moore" aired on CBS-TV, ending the situation comedy's seven-season run.In 1987, televangelist Jim Bakker resigned as chairman of his PTL ministry organization amid a sex and money scandal involving Jessica Hahn, a former church secretary.In 1991, Polish President Lech Walesa arrived in Washington for his first state visit to the United States.In 1995, after a 21-month hiatus, Michael Jordan returned to professional basketball with his former team, the Chicago Bulls.In 1997, artist Willem de Kooning, considered one of the 20th century's greatest painters, died in East Hampton, New York, at age 92.In 2003, President George W. Bush ordered the start of war against Iraq. (Because of the time difference, it was early March 20 in Iraq.)In 2007, a methane gas explosion in a Siberian coal mine killed 110 workers.In 2020, President Donald Trump focused attention on a malaria drug, chloroquine, as a possible coronavirus treatment; the FDA issued a statement saying that there were "no FDA-approved therapeutics" to treat COVID-19.Ten years ago: Pope Francis officially began his ministry as the 266th pope, receiving the ring symbolizing the papacy and a wool stole exemplifying his role as shepherd of his 1.2-billion-strong flock during a Mass at the Vatican. Insurgents carried out a wave of bombings across Iraq that killed at least 65 people. Harry Reems, 65, co-star of the 1972 adult-film classic "Deep Throat," died in Salt Lake City.Five years ago: Speaking in New Hampshire, a state ravaged by opioids, President Donald Trump called for stiffer penalties for drug traffickers, including the death penalty. Former tennis star Martina Navratilova said she was "extremely angry" to learn that the BBC paid John McEnroe at least 10 times more than her for their broadcasting roles at Wimbledon. Former "Sex and the City" star Cynthia Nixon announced that she would challenge New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo in a Democratic primary in September. (Cuomo easily beat back the challenge.)One year ago: Russian forces pushed deeper into Ukraine's besieged and battered port city of Mariupol, where heavy fighting shut down a major steel plant and local authorities pleaded for more Western help. Four U.S. Marines were killed when their Osprey aircraft crashed in a Norwegian town in the Arctic Circle during a NATO exercise unrelated to the Ukraine war. A former Apple employee was charged with defrauding the tech giant out of more than $10 million by taking kickbacks, stealing equipment and laundering money, federal prosecutors said.Today's Birthdays: Actor Renee Taylor is 90. Actor Ursula Andress is 87. Singer Clarence "Frogman" Henry is 86. Singer Ruth Pointer (The Pointer Sisters) is 77. Actor Glenn Close is 76. Actor Bruce Willis is 68. Actor-comedian Mary Scheer is 60. Playwright Neil LaBute is 60. Actor Connor Trinneer is 54. Rock musician Gert Bettens (K's Choice) is 53. Rapper Bun B is 50. Rock musician Zach Lind (Jimmy Eat World) is 47. Actor Virginia Williams is 45. Actor Abby Brammell is 44. MLB pitcher Clayton Kershaw is 35. Actor Craig Lamar Traylor is 34. Actor Philip Bolden is 28.

Today in History - March 19

ABILENE - The United States' agriculture policy during the Eisenhower Era is the topic of the upcoming Lunch &amp; Learn at the Eisenhower Presidential Library.

The Lunch &amp; Learn is scheduled for noon Thursday either in person or online. For in-person participants, the program will be in the library building courtyard. Participants are encouraged to arrive by 11:45 a.m. and park in the south parking lot nearest the library building. A light box lunch will be served on a first-come, first-served basis. 

If you can't make it to the Eisenhower Presidential Library, you also can watch the presentation via a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/nH7cLGRmBRA?feature=share">YouTube live stream</a>.

The guest speaker will be Jennifer Ifft, an associate professor and extension specialist in agricultural policy at Kansas State University, who will discuss agricultural economics during the Eisenhower Era. According to information from the Eisenhower Presidential Library, Ifft has an integrated research and extension program that covers policy and regulatory issues that affect the viability of U.S. and Kansas agriculture.

"Agricultural policy in the U.S. addresses many important challenges including fighting hunger domestically and internationally. Policies on maintaining a safe and secure food supply along with economic stability for farm families are critical. This presentation will cover key policies addressing these challenges during the Eisenhower Administration. Historical context will be discussed while outlining both the intended and unintended economic consequences," according to information from the Eisenhower Presidential Library.

Ifft is scheduled to summarize how such challenges currently persist and discuss important lessons from this time period.

Ifft has a Ph.D. from the University of California-Berkeley, an M.Phil from the University of Cambridge, and a B.S. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She grew up on her family’s farm in central Illinois.

By SALINA POSTABILENE - The United States' agriculture policy during the Eisenhower Era is the topic of the upcoming Lunch &amp; Learn at the Eisenhower Presidential Library.The Lunch &amp; Learn is scheduled for noon Thursday either in person or online. For in-person participants, the program will be in the library building courtyard. Participants are encouraged to arrive by 11:45 a.m. and park in the south parking lot nearest the library building. A light box lunch will be served on a first-come, first-served basis. If you can't make it to the Eisenhower Presidential Library, you also can watch the presentation via a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/nH7cLGRmBRA?feature=share">YouTube live stream</a>.The guest speaker will be Jennifer Ifft, an associate professor and extension specialist in agricultural policy at Kansas State University, who will discuss agricultural economics during the Eisenhower Era. According to information from the Eisenhower Presidential Library, Ifft has an integrated research and extension program that covers policy and regulatory issues that affect the viability of U.S. and Kansas agriculture."Agricultural policy in the U.S. addresses many important challenges including fighting hunger domestically and internationally. Policies on maintaining a safe and secure food supply along with economic stability for farm families are critical. This presentation will cover key policies addressing these challenges during the Eisenhower Administration. Historical context will be discussed while outlining both the intended and unintended economic consequences," according to information from the Eisenhower Presidential Library.Ifft is scheduled to summarize how such challenges currently persist and discuss important lessons from this time period.Ifft has a Ph.D. from the University of California-Berkeley, an M.Phil from the University of Cambridge, and a B.S. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She grew up on her family’s farm in central Illinois.

Eisenhower Era agriculture policy topic of next Lunch & Learn

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