By JASON GRAVES
K-State Research and Extension Central District Horticulturalist
Kansas weather can be tough on the trees in our local landscapes. Many local homeowners, particularly those who lost trees during the late July windstorm that hit Salina, are now considering replacements. Early fall is an ideal time to plant new trees.
One advantage of fall planting is that soil temperatures are warmer, encouraging quicker root growth compared to the cooler spring soils. Trees planted in the fall can establish themselves more quickly, making them better prepared for the heat stress of the following summer.
Regardless of when a tree is planted, it is essential to follow proper planting procedures to give trees the best chance of survival. Many tree deaths can be attributed to mistakes made during the planting process.
Planting at the right time is important. Evergreen trees and shrubs should be planted sooner rather than later in the fall, as they need 5-6 weeks to establish before the first killing frost. Deciduous trees, which lose their leaves, can be planted later, but planting earlier allows them to benefit from warmer soil temperatures.
Avoid planting trees too deep. A common mistake is planting trees too deep, which can cause long-term root problems. The planting hole should be dug two to three times wider than the rootball, but slightly shallower than the rootball itself. The first root flare should be at ground level.
Containerized trees often have circling roots, which can cause girdling, where roots grow around and damage the trunk. These roots should be pruned or teased apart during planting to prevent future issues.
It’s important to use the original soil to backfill the planting hole. Avoid adding compost or other organic materials to the soil, as amending only the planting hole can disrupt water movement and slow root establishment.
Mulching the root zone with 2-4 inches of organic mulch helps protect the tree and promotes its establishment. However, the mulch should be kept away from the trunk to prevent disease and rodent damage.
Using tree wraps or guards on newly planted trees can help prevent cracking caused by winter temperature fluctuations. Additionally, staking may be necessary for taller or leggy trees.
Consistent watering is critical for newly planted trees. Regular watering should continue throughout the year, even during winter on warm days. The tree should be watered when the rootball begins to dry out, but overwatering should be avoided.
For more information on tree planting and recommended tree species for Central Kansas, visit www.centralkansas.ksu.edu