MANHATTAN – There is a reason that certain foods are called “comfort foods.”

“There is a strong relationship between your mood and what you choose to eat or do not choose to eat,” said Kansas State University nutritionist Tanda Kidd.

Eating can be associated with good times – think of celebrating a wedding or birthday. But in times of stress or anxiety, food is often used to eliminate undesirable feelings, which leads to uncontrolled – and unhealthy -- eating.

“There is nothing wrong with eating a snack to make you feel better,” Kidd said. “But when food is used as a way to avoid or escape certain emotions, it can become easier to not deal with the real issue at hand.”

Kidd has published a fact sheet in the educational series, Kansans Move into Health, providing guidance on avoiding the traps of negative emotional eating. The publication, titled&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF2972.pdf" target="_blank">The Ups and Downs of Emotional Eating</a>, is available online for free from the&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">K-State Research and Extension bookstore</a>.

In it, Kidd outlines differences between eating for physical hunger and emotional hunger. She then offers some alternative responses to emotional eating:

•Take a walk, or relax and listen to uplifting music.

•Take some “me” time – do whatever it is that you love.

 •Curl up with a good book or favorite movie.

More ideas for healthy eating are available from K-State’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hhs.k-state.edu/fndh/undergraduate/dietetics" target="_blank">Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health</a>.

K-State Research and Extension has compiled numerous publications and other information to help people take care of themselves and others during times of crisis. See the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/about-us/covid-19-extension.html" target="_blank">complete list of resources online.</a>

Local K-State Research and Extension agents are still on the job during this time of closures and confinement. They, too, are practicing social distancing. Email is the best way to reach them, but call forwarding and voicemail allow for closed local offices to be reached by phone as well (some responses could be delayed).&nbsp;To find out how to reach your local agents, visit the K-State Research and Extension&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/stateandareamaps.html">county and district directory</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1585942883904.jpeg" alt=""In times of stress or anxiety, food is often used to eliminate undesirable feelings, which leads to uncontrolled – and unhealthy -- eating." Image by <a href="https://pixabay.com/users/RyanMcGuire-123690/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=413685">Ryan McGuire</a> from <a href="https://pixabay.com/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=413685">Pixabay</a>" />
 <figcaption>"In times of stress or anxiety, food is often used to eliminate undesirable feelings, which leads to uncontrolled – and unhealthy -- eating." Image by <a href="https://pixabay.com/users/RyanMcGuire-123690/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=413685">Ryan McGuire</a> from <a href="https://pixabay.com/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=413685">Pixabay</a></figcaption>
 </figure>MANHATTAN – There is a reason that certain foods are called “comfort foods.”“There is a strong relationship between your mood and what you choose to eat or do not choose to eat,” said Kansas State University nutritionist Tanda Kidd.Eating can be associated with good times – think of celebrating a wedding or birthday. But in times of stress or anxiety, food is often used to eliminate undesirable feelings, which leads to uncontrolled – and unhealthy -- eating.“There is nothing wrong with eating a snack to make you feel better,” Kidd said. “But when food is used as a way to avoid or escape certain emotions, it can become easier to not deal with the real issue at hand.”Kidd has published a fact sheet in the educational series, Kansans Move into Health, providing guidance on avoiding the traps of negative emotional eating. The publication, titled&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF2972.pdf" target="_blank">The Ups and Downs of Emotional Eating</a>, is available online for free from the&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">K-State Research and Extension bookstore</a>.In it, Kidd outlines differences between eating for physical hunger and emotional hunger. She then offers some alternative responses to emotional eating:•Call an old friend to catch up.•Take a walk, or relax and listen to uplifting music.•Play a board game with kids.•Take some “me” time – do whatever it is that you love. •Curl up with a good book or favorite movie.•Exercise.More ideas for healthy eating are available from K-State’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hhs.k-state.edu/fndh/undergraduate/dietetics" target="_blank">Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health</a>.K-State Research and Extension has compiled numerous publications and other information to help people take care of themselves and others during times of crisis. See the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/about-us/covid-19-extension.html" target="_blank">complete list of resources online.</a>Local K-State Research and Extension agents are still on the job during this time of closures and confinement. They, too, are practicing social distancing. Email is the best way to reach them, but call forwarding and voicemail allow for closed local offices to be reached by phone as well (some responses could be delayed).&nbsp;To find out how to reach your local agents, visit the K-State Research and Extension&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/stateandareamaps.html">county and district directory</a>.

Find positive ways to deal with emotional eating

Today is Saturday, April 4, the 95th day of 2020. There are 271 days left in the year.

On April 4, 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., 39, was shot and killed while standing on a balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee; his slaying was followed by a wave of rioting (Washington, D.C., Baltimore and Chicago were among cities particularly hard hit.) Suspected gunman James Earl Ray later pleaded guilty to assassinating King, then spent the rest of his life claiming he'd been the victim of a setup.

In 1841, President William Henry Harrison succumbed to pneumonia one month after his inaugural, becoming the first U.S. chief executive to die in office.

In 1850, the city of Los Angeles was incorporated.

In 1917, the U.S. Senate voted 82-6 in favor of declaring war against Germany (the House followed suit two days later by a vote of 373-50).

In 1933, the Navy airship USS Akron crashed in severe weather off the New Jersey coast with the loss of 73 lives.

In 1945, during World War II, U.S. forces liberated the Nazi concentration camp Ohrdruf in Germany. Hungary was liberated as Soviet forces cleared out remaining German troops.

In 1975, more than 130 people, most of them children, were killed when a U.S. Air Force transport plane evacuating Vietnamese orphans crash-landed shortly after takeoff from Saigon. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

In 1983, the space shuttle Challenger roared into orbit on its maiden voyage. (It was destroyed in the disaster of January 1986.)

In 1988, the Arizona Senate convicted Gov. Evan Mecham of two charges of official misconduct and removed him from office; Mecham was the first U.S. governor to be impeached and removed from office in nearly six decades.

In 1991, Sen. John Heinz, R-Pa., and six other people, including two children, were killed when a helicopter collided with Heinz's plane over a schoolyard in Merion, Pennsylvania.

Ten years ago: At least 42 people were killed as suicide attackers detonated car bombs near embassies in Baghdad. A magnitude-7.2 earthquake struck Mexicali, Mexico. A U.S.-Russian space team sent Easter greetings down to Earth after their Soyuz spacecraft docked flawlessly at the International Space Station.

Five years ago: In North Charleston, South Carolina, Walter Scott, a 50-year-old black motorist, was shot to death while running away from a traffic stop; Officer Michael Thomas Slager, seen in a cellphone video opening fire at Scott, was charged with murder. (The charge, which lingered after a first state trial ended in a mistrial, was dropped as part of a deal under which Slager pleaded guilty to a federal civil rights violation; he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.) More than 300 enslaved migrant fishermen, mostly from Myanmar, were brought to freedom by an Indonesia delegation following a dramatic rescue from a remote island that was the result of an Associated Press investigation.

One year ago: President Donald Trump abandoned his threat to immediately seal the southern border and warned instead that he would slap tariffs on cars coming to the U.S. from Mexico unless the Mexicans did more to stop the flow of migrants and drugs. Cardi B. received 21 nominations for the Billboard Music Awards; Drake and Post Malone were close behind with 17 nominations each. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints repealed rules that banned baptisms for children of gay parents and that labeled same-sex couples as sinners eligible for expulsion. Pope Francis named Atlanta Archbishop Wilton Gregory as the new archbishop of Washington D.C., choosing a moderate and the first African-American to lead the archdiocese that had become the epicenter of the clergy sex abuse crisis in the U.S.

Today's Birthdays: Recording executive Clive Davis is 88. Author Kitty Kelley is 78. Actor Craig T. Nelson is 76. Actor Walter Charles is 75. Actress Christine Lahti is 70. Country singer Steve Gatlin (The Gatlin Brothers) is 69. Actress Mary-Margaret Humes is 66. Writer-producer David E. Kelley is 64. Actress Constance Shulman is 62. Actor Phil Morris is 61. Actress Lorraine Toussaint is 60. Actor Hugo Weaving is 60. Rock musician Craig Adams (The Cult) is 58. Talk show host/comic Graham Norton is 57. Actor David Cross is 56. Actor Robert Downey Jr. is 55. Actress Nancy McKeon is 54. Actor Barry Pepper is 50. Country singer Clay Davidson is 49. Rock singer Josh Todd (Buckcherry) is 49. Singer Jill Scott is 48. Rock musician Magnus Sveningsson (The Cardigans) is 48. Magician David Blaine is 47. Singer Kelly Price is 47. Rhythm-and-blues singer Andre Dalyrimple (Soul For Real) is 46. Country musician Josh McSwain (Parmalee) is 45. Actor James Roday is 44. Actress Natasha Lyonne is 41. Actor Eric Andre is 37. Actress Amanda Righetti is 37. Actress-singer Jamie Lynn Spears is 29. Actress Daniela Bobadilla is 27. Pop singer Austin Mahone is 24. Actress Aliyah Royale is 20.

Thought for Today: "The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy." — Martin Luther King Junior (1929-1968).

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>Today is Saturday, April 4, the 95th day of 2020. There are 271 days left in the year.Today's Highlight in History:On April 4, 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., 39, was shot and killed while standing on a balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee; his slaying was followed by a wave of rioting (Washington, D.C., Baltimore and Chicago were among cities particularly hard hit.) Suspected gunman James Earl Ray later pleaded guilty to assassinating King, then spent the rest of his life claiming he'd been the victim of a setup.On this date:In 1841, President William Henry Harrison succumbed to pneumonia one month after his inaugural, becoming the first U.S. chief executive to die in office.In 1850, the city of Los Angeles was incorporated.In 1917, the U.S. Senate voted 82-6 in favor of declaring war against Germany (the House followed suit two days later by a vote of 373-50).In 1933, the Navy airship USS Akron crashed in severe weather off the New Jersey coast with the loss of 73 lives.In 1945, during World War II, U.S. forces liberated the Nazi concentration camp Ohrdruf in Germany. Hungary was liberated as Soviet forces cleared out remaining German troops.In 1975, more than 130 people, most of them children, were killed when a U.S. Air Force transport plane evacuating Vietnamese orphans crash-landed shortly after takeoff from Saigon. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.In 1983, the space shuttle Challenger roared into orbit on its maiden voyage. (It was destroyed in the disaster of January 1986.)In 1988, the Arizona Senate convicted Gov. Evan Mecham of two charges of official misconduct and removed him from office; Mecham was the first U.S. governor to be impeached and removed from office in nearly six decades.In 1991, Sen. John Heinz, R-Pa., and six other people, including two children, were killed when a helicopter collided with Heinz's plane over a schoolyard in Merion, Pennsylvania.Ten years ago: At least 42 people were killed as suicide attackers detonated car bombs near embassies in Baghdad. A magnitude-7.2 earthquake struck Mexicali, Mexico. A U.S.-Russian space team sent Easter greetings down to Earth after their Soyuz spacecraft docked flawlessly at the International Space Station.Five years ago: In North Charleston, South Carolina, Walter Scott, a 50-year-old black motorist, was shot to death while running away from a traffic stop; Officer Michael Thomas Slager, seen in a cellphone video opening fire at Scott, was charged with murder. (The charge, which lingered after a first state trial ended in a mistrial, was dropped as part of a deal under which Slager pleaded guilty to a federal civil rights violation; he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.) More than 300 enslaved migrant fishermen, mostly from Myanmar, were brought to freedom by an Indonesia delegation following a dramatic rescue from a remote island that was the result of an Associated Press investigation.One year ago: President Donald Trump abandoned his threat to immediately seal the southern border and warned instead that he would slap tariffs on cars coming to the U.S. from Mexico unless the Mexicans did more to stop the flow of migrants and drugs. Cardi B. received 21 nominations for the Billboard Music Awards; Drake and Post Malone were close behind with 17 nominations each. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints repealed rules that banned baptisms for children of gay parents and that labeled same-sex couples as sinners eligible for expulsion. Pope Francis named Atlanta Archbishop Wilton Gregory as the new archbishop of Washington D.C., choosing a moderate and the first African-American to lead the archdiocese that had become the epicenter of the clergy sex abuse crisis in the U.S.Today's Birthdays: Recording executive Clive Davis is 88. Author Kitty Kelley is 78. Actor Craig T. Nelson is 76. Actor Walter Charles is 75. Actress Christine Lahti is 70. Country singer Steve Gatlin (The Gatlin Brothers) is 69. Actress Mary-Margaret Humes is 66. Writer-producer David E. Kelley is 64. Actress Constance Shulman is 62. Actor Phil Morris is 61. Actress Lorraine Toussaint is 60. Actor Hugo Weaving is 60. Rock musician Craig Adams (The Cult) is 58. Talk show host/comic Graham Norton is 57. Actor David Cross is 56. Actor Robert Downey Jr. is 55. Actress Nancy McKeon is 54. Actor Barry Pepper is 50. Country singer Clay Davidson is 49. Rock singer Josh Todd (Buckcherry) is 49. Singer Jill Scott is 48. Rock musician Magnus Sveningsson (The Cardigans) is 48. Magician David Blaine is 47. Singer Kelly Price is 47. Rhythm-and-blues singer Andre Dalyrimple (Soul For Real) is 46. Country musician Josh McSwain (Parmalee) is 45. Actor James Roday is 44. Actress Natasha Lyonne is 41. Actor Eric Andre is 37. Actress Amanda Righetti is 37. Actress-singer Jamie Lynn Spears is 29. Actress Daniela Bobadilla is 27. Pop singer Austin Mahone is 24. Actress Aliyah Royale is 20.Thought for Today: "The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy." — Martin Luther King Junior (1929-1968).Copyright 2020, The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

Today in History -- April 4

<a href="https://www.kcur.org/post/libraries-across-kansas-search-ways-do-their-work-after-covid-19-shut-their-doors#stream/0">By LINDSAY KANSON METCALF &amp; The Journal</a>

Librarians across Kansas struggled in March to find a balance between
 serving the intellectually curious and protecting public health.

Now,
 a statewide stay-at-home order from Gov. Laura Kelly appears to mean 
that all Kansas libraries will close or remain closed through April 19.

“In
 normal situations of ‘emergency,’ I believe public libraries would very
 much be considered an essential service,” State Librarian Eric Norris 
wrote in an email. “One of the functions would be as a place to bring 
people together and right now, going to the library is not in the best 
interest of any community. Closing doors and encouraging people to stay 
home is.”

It’s a difficult change to come to grips with. The 
state’s public libraries, which now number 325, haven’t faced closures 
this widespread since the 1918 influenza pandemic hit.

“It is very much in our DNA to keep the doors open at all costs,” Norris said in a previous interview.

But
 as conditions have kept changing and influencing more and more 
libraries to close, librarians across haven’t stopped acting 
experimentally to find coronavirus-proof ways to keep serving patrons.

At
 the beginning of March, for example, staff members at the Frank Carlson
 Library in Concordia regularly wiped down tables and required computer 
users to apply hand sanitizer. (Disclosure: This reporter serves on the 
library’s board of trustees.)

Days later, new federal guidelines 
for social distancing made staffers rethink using the bank of public 
computers altogether. By March 17, when the American Library Association
 urged all libraries to close, director Denise de Rochefort-Reynolds was
 brainstorming ways to avoid shuttering completely, including a 
no-contact “carryout” service based out of a sealed entryway.

But
 unknowns persisted. What would materials collection look like? 
Librarians could wipe down book jackets, but what if a patron sneezed on
 the pages?

By March 18, “closing seemed like the only thing we could do,” de Rochefort-Reynolds says.

Most libraries plan to stay closed only as long as they have to. In 
the meantime, they’ve been grappling with how to shift services online, a
 task that’s crucial following the governor’s order forcing most of the 
state’s roughly 500,000 K-12 students to learn from home.

Youth 
services librarians have responded by moving story times online, but 
copyright protections limit movement into a digital space, where content
 is often recorded. Publishers such as<a href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/penguin-random-house-temporary-open-license/" target="_blank"> Penguin Random House</a>
 have moved quickly to create open licenses that allow librarians to 
livestream read-alouds on social media, as long as the sessions are not 
archived.

Some patrons, including those with children, rely on 
libraries for internet access. De Rochefort-Reynolds says her library 
removed the Wi-Fi password in case someone wants to sit outside and 
borrow the signal. But what about residents who want to use a library 
for the first time? How will a library fill requests for new library 
cards in cases where a digital process doesn’t exist?&nbsp;

“We can’t solve every problem right away,” de Rochefort-Reynolds says. “It’s going to be an ongoing process.”

In
 places where no COVID-19 cases had been confirmed, a handful of 
libraries attempted to remain open even as most of their peers had 
closed.

Norma Mullen, director of the Logan Library in Phillips 
County, kept the doors open and chose to battle COVID-19 with sanitizer 
on the front counter, a ready supply of Lysol and wipes for returns. But
 on the day this reporter interviewed her just over a week ago, zero 
patrons walked through the door.

“Maybe they’re not expecting me to be open,” she said.

Already,
 the handwriting was on the wall that closure might be inevitable. 
Mullen noted how the statewide book courier, an alternative to sending 
materials to other libraries through the mail, was ceasing deliveries of
 interlibrary loans, and as the days went by, the library ultimately 
decided to close.

Closing down is a bitter pill to swallow, but librarians planned to keep up the fight to serve.

“We
 are face-to-face people, and we want to put books in people’s hands,” 
de Rochefort-Reynolds said. “The transfer of information is what we’re 
all about. But by transferring information, are we transferring virus?”

For
 now, she has shifted money for collections into digital resources. Last
 week, she ordered 45 “cozy mysteries” for the Sunflower eLibrary, a 
cooperative service to which the Frank Carlson Library belongs.

“I’m
 thinking, ‘What is almost brainless fluff?’” she said. “That’s 
something we don’t want to lose in the shuffle of this — the need to 
escape.”

The Kansas State Library has recently aggregated digital resources <a href="https://kslib.info/1441/Resource-Guides-for-Educators" target="_blank">for educators</a>
 and families looking to supplement learning at home. Some services, 
including many e-book lending libraries, require a state library e-Card.
 “Right now we are working out how to get Kansans easier access to an 
e-Card while still verifying that they are indeed a Kansas resident,” 
state librarian Eric Norris says.

e-Card information: <a href="https://kslib.info/801/First-Time-User" target="_blank">https://kslib.info/801/First-Time-User</a>

Services listed here: <a href="https://kslib.info/128/Digital-Book-eLending" target="_blank">https://kslib.info/128/Digital-Book-eLending</a>

<a href="https://cloudlibrary.org/" target="_blank">Cloud Library</a>

<a href="https://www.freading.com/index" target="_blank">Freading</a>

<a href="http://rbdigital.rbdigital.com/" target="_blank">RB Digital</a> audiobooks

<a href="https://kslib.info/963/eBooks-for-Kids" target="_blank">Youth materials </a>such as <a href="https://www.tumblebooks.com/" target="_blank">TumbleBooks</a> (through Aug. 31)

<a href="https://kslib.info/221/Online-Databases" target="_blank">Online databases</a>

This
 story comes from The Journal, the print and digital magazine of the 
Kansas Leadership Center. The Journal is publishing a digital newsletter
 that explores what is working, what isn’t working and what’s being 
learned during the response to COVID-19. To receive twice-a-week 
updates, subscribe <a href="https://kansasleadershipcenter.org/contact-us/join-our-email-list/" target="_blank">here</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1585853860903.jpeg" alt=" Lindsay Hanson Metcalf / The Journal " />
 <figcaption> Lindsay Hanson Metcalf / The Journal </figcaption>
 </figure><a href="https://www.kcur.org/post/libraries-across-kansas-search-ways-do-their-work-after-covid-19-shut-their-doors#stream/0">By LINDSAY KANSON METCALF &amp; The Journal</a>Librarians across Kansas struggled in March to find a balance between
 serving the intellectually curious and protecting public health.Now,
 a statewide stay-at-home order from Gov. Laura Kelly appears to mean 
that all Kansas libraries will close or remain closed through April 19.“In
 normal situations of ‘emergency,’ I believe public libraries would very
 much be considered an essential service,” State Librarian Eric Norris 
wrote in an email. “One of the functions would be as a place to bring 
people together and right now, going to the library is not in the best 
interest of any community. Closing doors and encouraging people to stay 
home is.”It’s a difficult change to come to grips with. The 
state’s public libraries, which now number 325, haven’t faced closures 
this widespread since the 1918 influenza pandemic hit.“It is very much in our DNA to keep the doors open at all costs,” Norris said in a previous interview.But
 as conditions have kept changing and influencing more and more 
libraries to close, librarians across haven’t stopped acting 
experimentally to find coronavirus-proof ways to keep serving patrons.At
 the beginning of March, for example, staff members at the Frank Carlson
 Library in Concordia regularly wiped down tables and required computer 
users to apply hand sanitizer. (Disclosure: This reporter serves on the 
library’s board of trustees.)Days later, new federal guidelines 
for social distancing made staffers rethink using the bank of public 
computers altogether. By March 17, when the American Library Association
 urged all libraries to close, director Denise de Rochefort-Reynolds was
 brainstorming ways to avoid shuttering completely, including a 
no-contact “carryout” service based out of a sealed entryway.But
 unknowns persisted. What would materials collection look like? 
Librarians could wipe down book jackets, but what if a patron sneezed on
 the pages?By March 18, “closing seemed like the only thing we could do,” de Rochefort-Reynolds says.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1585853927041.jpeg" alt=" It's rare for Kansas libraries to close, the but the unique challenges presented by COVID-19 has forced the Concordia library and others across the state to shut their doors. Credit Lindsay Hanson Metcalf / The Journal" />
 <figcaption> It's rare for Kansas libraries to close, the but the unique challenges presented by COVID-19 has forced the Concordia library and others across the state to shut their doors. Credit Lindsay Hanson Metcalf / The Journal</figcaption>
 </figure>Most libraries plan to stay closed only as long as they have to. In 
the meantime, they’ve been grappling with how to shift services online, a
 task that’s crucial following the governor’s order forcing most of the 
state’s roughly 500,000 K-12 students to learn from home.Youth 
services librarians have responded by moving story times online, but 
copyright protections limit movement into a digital space, where content
 is often recorded. Publishers such as<a href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/penguin-random-house-temporary-open-license/" target="_blank"> Penguin Random House</a>
 have moved quickly to create open licenses that allow librarians to 
livestream read-alouds on social media, as long as the sessions are not 
archived.Some patrons, including those with children, rely on 
libraries for internet access. De Rochefort-Reynolds says her library 
removed the Wi-Fi password in case someone wants to sit outside and 
borrow the signal. But what about residents who want to use a library 
for the first time? How will a library fill requests for new library 
cards in cases where a digital process doesn’t exist?&nbsp;“We can’t solve every problem right away,” de Rochefort-Reynolds says. “It’s going to be an ongoing process.”In
 places where no COVID-19 cases had been confirmed, a handful of 
libraries attempted to remain open even as most of their peers had 
closed.Norma Mullen, director of the Logan Library in Phillips 
County, kept the doors open and chose to battle COVID-19 with sanitizer 
on the front counter, a ready supply of Lysol and wipes for returns. But
 on the day this reporter interviewed her just over a week ago, zero 
patrons walked through the door.“Maybe they’re not expecting me to be open,” she said.Already,
 the handwriting was on the wall that closure might be inevitable. 
Mullen noted how the statewide book courier, an alternative to sending 
materials to other libraries through the mail, was ceasing deliveries of
 interlibrary loans, and as the days went by, the library ultimately 
decided to close.Closing down is a bitter pill to swallow, but librarians planned to keep up the fight to serve.“We
 are face-to-face people, and we want to put books in people’s hands,” 
de Rochefort-Reynolds said. “The transfer of information is what we’re 
all about. But by transferring information, are we transferring virus?”For
 now, she has shifted money for collections into digital resources. Last
 week, she ordered 45 “cozy mysteries” for the Sunflower eLibrary, a 
cooperative service to which the Frank Carlson Library belongs.“I’m
 thinking, ‘What is almost brainless fluff?’” she said. “That’s 
something we don’t want to lose in the shuffle of this — the need to 
escape.”_____FREE ONLINE RESOURCESThe Kansas State Library has recently aggregated digital resources <a href="https://kslib.info/1441/Resource-Guides-for-Educators" target="_blank">for educators</a>
 and families looking to supplement learning at home. Some services, 
including many e-book lending libraries, require a state library e-Card.
 “Right now we are working out how to get Kansans easier access to an 
e-Card while still verifying that they are indeed a Kansas resident,” 
state librarian Eric Norris says.e-Card information: <a href="https://kslib.info/801/First-Time-User" target="_blank">https://kslib.info/801/First-Time-User</a>e-Card required:Services listed here: <a href="https://kslib.info/128/Digital-Book-eLending" target="_blank">https://kslib.info/128/Digital-Book-eLending</a><a href="https://cloudlibrary.org/" target="_blank">Cloud Library</a><a href="https://www.enkilibrary.org/" target="_blank">Enki</a><a href="https://www.freading.com/index" target="_blank">Freading</a><a href="http://rbdigital.rbdigital.com/" target="_blank">RB Digital</a> audiobookse-Card not required:<a href="https://kslib.info/963/eBooks-for-Kids" target="_blank">Youth materials </a>such as <a href="https://www.tumblebooks.com/" target="_blank">TumbleBooks</a> (through Aug. 31)<a href="https://kslib.info/221/Online-Databases" target="_blank">Online databases</a>This
 story comes from The Journal, the print and digital magazine of the 
Kansas Leadership Center. The Journal is publishing a digital newsletter
 that explores what is working, what isn’t working and what’s being 
learned during the response to COVID-19. To receive twice-a-week 
updates, subscribe <a href="https://kansasleadershipcenter.org/contact-us/join-our-email-list/" target="_blank">here</a>.

Libraries across Kan. search for ways to do their work amid COVID-19

SEDGWICK COUNTY—Law enforcement authorities are investigating a fatal crash and fire and have made an arrest.

Just after 11:30p.m. Tuesday, 911 dispatch was notified about a vehicle on fire, at approximately 7500 W. 101st&nbsp;Street North, according to Sheriff Jeff Easter.&nbsp;

 Sedgwick County Sheriff Deputies arrived along with the Sedgwick County Fire Department and observed a Dodge truck on its side fully engulfed in flames. 

After the fire was extinguished, an unknown person was located in the pickup, and pronounced deceased at the scene.&nbsp;

The preliminary investigation into the accident appears the truck was originally south bound on Ridge Road, entered the field on the west side of Ridge.&nbsp; The truck hit the ditch on 101st&nbsp;Street North and the driver lost control. The truck rolled into the south ditch. The name of the passenger is not being released at this time pending positive identification and notification to family. &nbsp;

On Wednesday, deputies arrested Russeller W. Polk, 43,&nbsp; Wichita, and booked him in the Sedgwick County Adult Detention Facility for 2nd Degree Murder, according to Easter. Authorities believe Polk was driving at the time of the crash and that the victim was still alive when Polk fled the scene.&nbsp;

Polk remains jailed on a bond of $100,000, <a href="https://ssc.sedgwickcounty.org/sheriffinmates/SheriffInmateDetail.aspx?nameId=37055">according to online jail records.</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1585864808889.png" alt="Polk photo Sedgwick County" />
 <figcaption>Polk photo Sedgwick County</figcaption>
 </figure>SEDGWICK COUNTY—Law enforcement authorities are investigating a fatal crash and fire and have made an arrest.Just after 11:30p.m. Tuesday, 911 dispatch was notified about a vehicle on fire, at approximately 7500 W. 101st&nbsp;Street North, according to Sheriff Jeff Easter.&nbsp; Sedgwick County Sheriff Deputies arrived along with the Sedgwick County Fire Department and observed a Dodge truck on its side fully engulfed in flames. After the fire was extinguished, an unknown person was located in the pickup, and pronounced deceased at the scene.&nbsp;The preliminary investigation into the accident appears the truck was originally south bound on Ridge Road, entered the field on the west side of Ridge.&nbsp; The truck hit the ditch on 101st&nbsp;Street North and the driver lost control. The truck rolled into the south ditch. The name of the passenger is not being released at this time pending positive identification and notification to family. &nbsp;On Wednesday, deputies arrested Russeller W. Polk, 43,&nbsp; Wichita, and booked him in the Sedgwick County Adult Detention Facility for 2nd Degree Murder, according to Easter. Authorities believe Polk was driving at the time of the crash and that the victim was still alive when Polk fled the scene.&nbsp;Polk remains jailed on a bond of $100,000, <a href="https://ssc.sedgwickcounty.org/sheriffinmates/SheriffInmateDetail.aspx?nameId=37055">according to online jail records.</a>

Kan. man accused of leaving passenger to die in crash, fire

Today is Friday, April 3, the 94th day of 2020. There are 272 days left in the year.

On April 3, 1996, Unabomber Theodore Kaczynski was arrested at his remote Montana cabin.

In 1860, the legendary Pony Express began carrying mail between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California. (The delivery system lasted only 18 months before giving way to the transcontinental telegraph.)

In 1882, outlaw Jesse James was shot to death in St. Joseph, Missouri, by Robert Ford, a member of James' gang.

In 1936, Bruno Hauptmann was electrocuted in Trenton, New Jersey, for the kidnap-murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr.

In 1942, during World War II, Japanese forces began their final assault on Bataan against American and Filipino troops who surrendered six days later; the capitulation was followed by the notorious Bataan Death March.

In 1944, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Smith v. Allwright, struck down a Democratic Party of Texas rule that allowed only white voters to participate in Democratic primaries.

In 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed the Marshall Plan, designed to help European allies rebuild after World War II and resist communism.

In 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivered what turned out to be his final speech, telling a rally of striking sanitation workers in Memphis, Tennessee, that "I've been to the mountaintop" and "seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land!" (About 20 hours later, King was felled by an assassin's bullet at the Lorraine Motel.)

In 1973, the first handheld portable telephone was demonstrated for reporters on a New York City street corner as Motorola executive Martin Cooper called Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.

In 1990, jazz singer Sarah Vaughan died in suburban Los Angeles at age 66.

In 1991, English novelist Graham Greene died at age 86.

In 1996, an Air Force jetliner carrying Commerce Secretary Ron Brown and American business executives crashed in Croatia, killing all 35 people aboard.

In 2003, moving with a sense of wartime urgency, the House and Senate separately agreed to give President George W. Bush nearly $80 billion to carry out the battle against Iraq and meet the threat of terrorism.

Ten years ago: The leader of the Anglican church, Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, said in remarks released by the BBC that the Roman Catholic church in Ireland had lost all credibility because of its mishandling of abuse by priests. White supremacist Eugene TerreBlanche, 68, was bludgeoned to death on his South African farm in a dispute with black farm workers over wages. Connecticut senior Tina Charles was the runaway choice as The Associated Press' women's college basketball player of the year. Nebraska's Connie Yori was named The Associated Press' women's college basketball coach of the year.

Five years ago: Information retrieved from the "black box" data recorder of a doomed German airliner showed its co-pilot repeatedly accelerated the plane before it slammed into a French mountainside, killing all 150 people on board. Pope Francis, presiding at the traditional Good Friday Colosseum procession, decried what he called the "complicit silence" about the killing of Christians. Sarah Brady, who became a gun control activist after her husband, James, was shot in the head in the attempt on President Ronald Reagan's life, died in Alexandria, Virginia, at age 73, eight months after being widowed.

One year ago: Former Vice President Joe Biden acknowledged that his tendency toward physical displays of affection and encouragement had made some women uncomfortable; he promised to be "much more mindful" of respecting personal space. The House Judiciary Committee approved subpoenas for special counsel Robert Mueller's full Russia report. British Prime Minister Theresa May and the country's main opposition sought a compromise deal to prevent an abrupt British departure from the European Union.

Today's Birthdays: Conservationist Dame Jane Goodall is 86. Actor William Gaunt is 83. Songwriter Jeff Barry is 82. Actor Eric Braeden is 79. Actress Marsha Mason is 78. Singer Wayne Newton is 78. Singer Tony Orlando is 76. Comedy writer Pat Proft is 73. Folk-rock singer Richard Thompson is 71. Country musician Curtis Stone (Highway 101) is 70. Blues singer-guitarist John Mooney is 65. Rock musician Mick Mars (Motley Crue) is 64. Actor Alec Baldwin is 62. Actor David Hyde Pierce is 61. Rock singer John Thomas Griffith (Cowboy Mouth) is 60. Comedian-actor Eddie Murphy is 59. Rock singer-musician Mike Ness (Social Distortion) is 58. Rock singer Sebastian Bach is 52. Rock musician James MacDonough is 50. Olympic gold medal ski racer Picabo Street is 49. Actress Jennie Garth is 48. Actor Jamie Bamber is 47. Actor Adam Scott is 47. Christian rock musician Drew Shirley (Switchfoot) is 46. Comedian Aries Spears is 45. Actor Matthew Goode is 42. Actress Cobie Smulders is 38. Rock-pop singer Leona Lewis is 35. Actress Amanda Bynes is 34. Actress-comedian Rachel Bloom is 33. Actress Hayley Kiyoko is 29. Rock musician Sam Kiszka (Greta Van Fleet) is 21.

Thought for Today: "I didn't invent the world I write about — it's all true." — Graham Greene, British author (1904-1991).

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>Today is Friday, April 3, the 94th day of 2020. There are 272 days left in the year.Today's Highlight in History:On April 3, 1996, Unabomber Theodore Kaczynski was arrested at his remote Montana cabin.On this date:In 1860, the legendary Pony Express began carrying mail between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California. (The delivery system lasted only 18 months before giving way to the transcontinental telegraph.)In 1882, outlaw Jesse James was shot to death in St. Joseph, Missouri, by Robert Ford, a member of James' gang.In 1936, Bruno Hauptmann was electrocuted in Trenton, New Jersey, for the kidnap-murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr.In 1942, during World War II, Japanese forces began their final assault on Bataan against American and Filipino troops who surrendered six days later; the capitulation was followed by the notorious Bataan Death March.In 1944, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Smith v. Allwright, struck down a Democratic Party of Texas rule that allowed only white voters to participate in Democratic primaries.In 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed the Marshall Plan, designed to help European allies rebuild after World War II and resist communism.In 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivered what turned out to be his final speech, telling a rally of striking sanitation workers in Memphis, Tennessee, that "I've been to the mountaintop" and "seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land!" (About 20 hours later, King was felled by an assassin's bullet at the Lorraine Motel.)In 1973, the first handheld portable telephone was demonstrated for reporters on a New York City street corner as Motorola executive Martin Cooper called Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.In 1990, jazz singer Sarah Vaughan died in suburban Los Angeles at age 66.In 1991, English novelist Graham Greene died at age 86.In 1996, an Air Force jetliner carrying Commerce Secretary Ron Brown and American business executives crashed in Croatia, killing all 35 people aboard.In 2003, moving with a sense of wartime urgency, the House and Senate separately agreed to give President George W. Bush nearly $80 billion to carry out the battle against Iraq and meet the threat of terrorism.Ten years ago: The leader of the Anglican church, Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, said in remarks released by the BBC that the Roman Catholic church in Ireland had lost all credibility because of its mishandling of abuse by priests. White supremacist Eugene TerreBlanche, 68, was bludgeoned to death on his South African farm in a dispute with black farm workers over wages. Connecticut senior Tina Charles was the runaway choice as The Associated Press' women's college basketball player of the year. Nebraska's Connie Yori was named The Associated Press' women's college basketball coach of the year.Five years ago: Information retrieved from the "black box" data recorder of a doomed German airliner showed its co-pilot repeatedly accelerated the plane before it slammed into a French mountainside, killing all 150 people on board. Pope Francis, presiding at the traditional Good Friday Colosseum procession, decried what he called the "complicit silence" about the killing of Christians. Sarah Brady, who became a gun control activist after her husband, James, was shot in the head in the attempt on President Ronald Reagan's life, died in Alexandria, Virginia, at age 73, eight months after being widowed.One year ago: Former Vice President Joe Biden acknowledged that his tendency toward physical displays of affection and encouragement had made some women uncomfortable; he promised to be "much more mindful" of respecting personal space. The House Judiciary Committee approved subpoenas for special counsel Robert Mueller's full Russia report. British Prime Minister Theresa May and the country's main opposition sought a compromise deal to prevent an abrupt British departure from the European Union.Today's Birthdays: Conservationist Dame Jane Goodall is 86. Actor William Gaunt is 83. Songwriter Jeff Barry is 82. Actor Eric Braeden is 79. Actress Marsha Mason is 78. Singer Wayne Newton is 78. Singer Tony Orlando is 76. Comedy writer Pat Proft is 73. Folk-rock singer Richard Thompson is 71. Country musician Curtis Stone (Highway 101) is 70. Blues singer-guitarist John Mooney is 65. Rock musician Mick Mars (Motley Crue) is 64. Actor Alec Baldwin is 62. Actor David Hyde Pierce is 61. Rock singer John Thomas Griffith (Cowboy Mouth) is 60. Comedian-actor Eddie Murphy is 59. Rock singer-musician Mike Ness (Social Distortion) is 58. Rock singer Sebastian Bach is 52. Rock musician James MacDonough is 50. Olympic gold medal ski racer Picabo Street is 49. Actress Jennie Garth is 48. Actor Jamie Bamber is 47. Actor Adam Scott is 47. Christian rock musician Drew Shirley (Switchfoot) is 46. Comedian Aries Spears is 45. Actor Matthew Goode is 42. Actress Cobie Smulders is 38. Rock-pop singer Leona Lewis is 35. Actress Amanda Bynes is 34. Actress-comedian Rachel Bloom is 33. Actress Hayley Kiyoko is 29. Rock musician Sam Kiszka (Greta Van Fleet) is 21.Thought for Today: "I didn't invent the world I write about — it's all true." — Graham Greene, British author (1904-1991).Copyright 2020, The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

Today in History -- April 3

SHAWNEE COUNTY — Law enforcement authorities are investigating a suspect following a breakthrough on a case from 17 years ago.

According to Deputy Abigail Christian, there was a recent DNA match from a 2003 case that involved the crimes of aggravated kidnapping, aggravated criminal sodomy, and rape against a 23 year-old victim. 

DNA evidence was collected and after all leads were thoroughly followed, the investigation went inactive.

On February 14, 2020, the Shawnee County Sheriff’s Office received notice regarding a possible DNA match to the 2003 case. This information stemmed from a Topeka Police Department case in the fall of 2019 which required the suspect to submit DNA.

The Kansas Bureau of Investigation reported Pernell A. Mack, 35, of Topeka to be an investigative lead.

The Sheriff’s Office completed a search warrant for Mack’s DNA.

On Tuesday, the Sheriff’s office arrested Mack in the 200 block of SW Western Avenue and booked him into the Shawnee County Department of Corrections on requested charges with aggravated kidnapping, aggravated criminal sodomy, and rape.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1585826204166.png" alt="Pernell Mack photo Shawnee County&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Pernell Mack photo Shawnee County&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>SHAWNEE COUNTY — Law enforcement authorities are investigating a suspect following a breakthrough on a case from 17 years ago.According to Deputy Abigail Christian, there was a recent DNA match from a 2003 case that involved the crimes of aggravated kidnapping, aggravated criminal sodomy, and rape against a 23 year-old victim. DNA evidence was collected and after all leads were thoroughly followed, the investigation went inactive.On February 14, 2020, the Shawnee County Sheriff’s Office received notice regarding a possible DNA match to the 2003 case. This information stemmed from a Topeka Police Department case in the fall of 2019 which required the suspect to submit DNA.The Kansas Bureau of Investigation reported Pernell A. Mack, 35, of Topeka to be an investigative lead.The Sheriff’s Office completed a search warrant for Mack’s DNA.On Tuesday, the Sheriff’s office arrested Mack in the 200 block of SW Western Avenue and booked him into the Shawnee County Department of Corrections on requested charges with aggravated kidnapping, aggravated criminal sodomy, and rape.

Kan. rape suspect jailed after breakthrough in 17-year-old case

Today is Thursday, April 2, the 93rd day of 2020. There are 273 days left in the year.

On April 2, 1865, Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet fled the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, because of advancing Union forces.

In 1513, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon and his expedition landed in present-day Florida. (Some historians say the landing actually occurred the next day, on April 3.)

In 1792, Congress passed the Coinage Act, which authorized establishment of the U.S. Mint.

In 1912, the just-completed RMS Titanic left Belfast to begin its sea trials eight days before the start of its ill-fated maiden voyage.

In 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war against Germany, saying, "The world must be made safe for democracy." (Congress declared war four days later.)

In 1956, the soap operas "As the World Turns" and "The Edge of Night" premiered on CBS-TV.

In 1958, the term "beatnik" was coined by San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen to refer to members of the pre-hippie counterculture; the term was inspired by the "Beat Generation" and by the Soviet launch of its second Sputnik spacecraft.

In 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed into law a windfall profits tax on the oil industry. (The tax was repealed in 1988.)

In 1982, several thousand troops from Argentina seized the disputed Falkland Islands, located in the south Atlantic, from Britain. (Britain seized the islands back the following June.)

In 1986, four American passengers, including an 8-month-old girl, her mother and grandmother, were killed when a terrorist bomb exploded aboard a TWA jetliner en route from Rome to Athens, Greece.

In 2002, Israel seized control of Bethlehem; Palestinian gunmen forced their way into the Church of the Nativity, the traditional birthplace of Jesus, where they began a 39-day standoff.

In 2003, during the Iraq War, American forces fought their way to within sight of the Baghdad skyline.

In 2005, Pope John Paul II died in his Vatican apartment at age 84.

Ten years ago: President Barack Obama, visiting a factory in Charlotte, North Carolina, hailed a new government report showing the most jobs created in nearly three years, saying, "We are beginning to turn the corner." Gunmen seeking to pass themselves off as U.S. and Iraqi soldiers raided a Sunni village outside Baghdad, killing at least 24 people in an execution-style attack. Ohio State junior swingman Evan Turner was the runaway choice as The Associated Press' college basketball player of the year; Syracuse's Jim Boeheim was the AP's college basketball coach of the year.

Five years ago: Capping a week of difficult negotiations, the United States, Iran and five other world powers said they had agreed on an outline of limits on Iran's nuclear program that would prevent it from developing nuclear weapons in exchange for sanctions relief. Al-Shabab gunmen rampaged through a college in northeastern Kenya, killing at least 148 people. A Russian trawler, the Dalny Vostok, sank in just 15 minutes in icy waters off Russia's Far Eastern coast, killing at least 56 crew members. Rev. Robert H. Schuller, 88, died in Artesia, California. Stanford won its second NIT title, edging Miami 66-64.

One year ago: Former federal prosecutor Lori Lightfoot won the runoff election for Chicago mayor, becoming the first black woman and the first openly gay person to lead the nation's third-largest city. Police near Los Angeles arrested a man they said had fatally shot rapper Nipsey Hussle and evaded authorities for two days; police said the two men knew each other and had some sort of personal dispute in the hours before the rapper was killed. Lawmakers in New Zealand voted overwhelmingly in favor of new gun restrictions, including a ban on the types of weapons used by a gunman to kill 50 people at two mosques the previous month. A judge in Pennsylvania sentenced three former Penn State fraternity members to jail in the 2017 death of a pledge who drank heavily before being fatally injured in a series of falls; they were the first defendants ordered to serve time behind bars in a case that brought a new state anti-hazing law.

Today's Birthdays: Actress Sharon Acker is 85. Actress Dame Penelope Keith is 80. Actress Linda Hunt is 75. Singer Emmylou Harris is 73. Actor Sam Anderson is 73. Social critic and author Camille Paglia is 73. Actress Pamela Reed is 71. Rock musician Dave Robinson (The Cars) is 71. Country singer Buddy Jewell is 59. Actor Christopher Meloni is 59. Singer Keren Woodward (Bananarama) is 59. Country singer Billy Dean is 58. Actor Clark Gregg is 58. Actress Jana Marie Hupp is 56. Rock musician Greg Camp is 53. Rock musician Tony Fredianelli (Third Eye Blind) is 51. Actress Roselyn Sanchez is 47. Country singer Jill King is 45. Actor Pedro Pascal is 45. Actor Adam Rodriguez is 45. Actor Jeremy Garrett is 44. Actor Michael Fassbender is 43. Actress Jaime Ray Newman is 42. Rock musician Jesse Carmichael (Maroon 5) is 41. Actress Bethany Joy Lenz is 39. Singer Lee Dewyze (TV: "American Idol") is 34. Country singer Chris Janson is 34. Actor Drew Van Acker is 34. Actress Briga Heelan (TV: "Great News") is 33. Actor Jesse Plemons is 32. Singer Aaron Kelly (TV: "American Idol") is 27.

Thought for Today: "Living is a form of not being sure, not knowing what next or how. The moment you know how, you begin to die a little." — Agnes de Mille, American dancer-choreographer (1905-1993).

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>Today is Thursday, April 2, the 93rd day of 2020. There are 273 days left in the year.Today's Highlight in History:On April 2, 1865, Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet fled the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, because of advancing Union forces.On this date:In 1513, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon and his expedition landed in present-day Florida. (Some historians say the landing actually occurred the next day, on April 3.)In 1792, Congress passed the Coinage Act, which authorized establishment of the U.S. Mint.In 1912, the just-completed RMS Titanic left Belfast to begin its sea trials eight days before the start of its ill-fated maiden voyage.In 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war against Germany, saying, "The world must be made safe for democracy." (Congress declared war four days later.)In 1956, the soap operas "As the World Turns" and "The Edge of Night" premiered on CBS-TV.In 1958, the term "beatnik" was coined by San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen to refer to members of the pre-hippie counterculture; the term was inspired by the "Beat Generation" and by the Soviet launch of its second Sputnik spacecraft.In 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed into law a windfall profits tax on the oil industry. (The tax was repealed in 1988.)In 1982, several thousand troops from Argentina seized the disputed Falkland Islands, located in the south Atlantic, from Britain. (Britain seized the islands back the following June.)In 1986, four American passengers, including an 8-month-old girl, her mother and grandmother, were killed when a terrorist bomb exploded aboard a TWA jetliner en route from Rome to Athens, Greece.In 2002, Israel seized control of Bethlehem; Palestinian gunmen forced their way into the Church of the Nativity, the traditional birthplace of Jesus, where they began a 39-day standoff.In 2003, during the Iraq War, American forces fought their way to within sight of the Baghdad skyline.In 2005, Pope John Paul II died in his Vatican apartment at age 84.Ten years ago: President Barack Obama, visiting a factory in Charlotte, North Carolina, hailed a new government report showing the most jobs created in nearly three years, saying, "We are beginning to turn the corner." Gunmen seeking to pass themselves off as U.S. and Iraqi soldiers raided a Sunni village outside Baghdad, killing at least 24 people in an execution-style attack. Ohio State junior swingman Evan Turner was the runaway choice as The Associated Press' college basketball player of the year; Syracuse's Jim Boeheim was the AP's college basketball coach of the year.Five years ago: Capping a week of difficult negotiations, the United States, Iran and five other world powers said they had agreed on an outline of limits on Iran's nuclear program that would prevent it from developing nuclear weapons in exchange for sanctions relief. Al-Shabab gunmen rampaged through a college in northeastern Kenya, killing at least 148 people. A Russian trawler, the Dalny Vostok, sank in just 15 minutes in icy waters off Russia's Far Eastern coast, killing at least 56 crew members. Rev. Robert H. Schuller, 88, died in Artesia, California. Stanford won its second NIT title, edging Miami 66-64.One year ago: Former federal prosecutor Lori Lightfoot won the runoff election for Chicago mayor, becoming the first black woman and the first openly gay person to lead the nation's third-largest city. Police near Los Angeles arrested a man they said had fatally shot rapper Nipsey Hussle and evaded authorities for two days; police said the two men knew each other and had some sort of personal dispute in the hours before the rapper was killed. Lawmakers in New Zealand voted overwhelmingly in favor of new gun restrictions, including a ban on the types of weapons used by a gunman to kill 50 people at two mosques the previous month. A judge in Pennsylvania sentenced three former Penn State fraternity members to jail in the 2017 death of a pledge who drank heavily before being fatally injured in a series of falls; they were the first defendants ordered to serve time behind bars in a case that brought a new state anti-hazing law.Today's Birthdays: Actress Sharon Acker is 85. Actress Dame Penelope Keith is 80. Actress Linda Hunt is 75. Singer Emmylou Harris is 73. Actor Sam Anderson is 73. Social critic and author Camille Paglia is 73. Actress Pamela Reed is 71. Rock musician Dave Robinson (The Cars) is 71. Country singer Buddy Jewell is 59. Actor Christopher Meloni is 59. Singer Keren Woodward (Bananarama) is 59. Country singer Billy Dean is 58. Actor Clark Gregg is 58. Actress Jana Marie Hupp is 56. Rock musician Greg Camp is 53. Rock musician Tony Fredianelli (Third Eye Blind) is 51. Actress Roselyn Sanchez is 47. Country singer Jill King is 45. Actor Pedro Pascal is 45. Actor Adam Rodriguez is 45. Actor Jeremy Garrett is 44. Actor Michael Fassbender is 43. Actress Jaime Ray Newman is 42. Rock musician Jesse Carmichael (Maroon 5) is 41. Actress Bethany Joy Lenz is 39. Singer Lee Dewyze (TV: "American Idol") is 34. Country singer Chris Janson is 34. Actor Drew Van Acker is 34. Actress Briga Heelan (TV: "Great News") is 33. Actor Jesse Plemons is 32. Singer Aaron Kelly (TV: "American Idol") is 27.Thought for Today: "Living is a form of not being sure, not knowing what next or how. The moment you know how, you begin to die a little." — Agnes de Mille, American dancer-choreographer (1905-1993).Copyright 2020, The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

Today in History -- April 2

Today is Wednesday, April 1, the 92nd day of 2020. There are 274 days left in the year.

On April 1, 1976, Apple Computer was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne.

In 1789, the U.S. House of Representatives held its first full meeting in New York; Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania was elected the first House speaker.

In 1891, the Wrigley Co. was founded in Chicago by William Wrigley, Jr.

In 1917, Scott Joplin, "The King of Ragtime Writers," died at a New York City hospital; he was believed to have been 49 years old.

In 1945, American forces launched the amphibious invasion of Okinawa during World War II. (U.S. forces succeeded in capturing the Japanese island on June 22.)

In 1954, the United States Air Force Academy was established by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

In 1963, New York City's daily newspapers resumed publishing after settlement was reached in a 114-day strike. The daytime drama "General Hospital" premiered on ABC-TV.

In 1970, President Richard M. Nixon signed a measure banning cigarette advertising on radio and television, to take effect after Jan. 1, 1971.

In 1972, the first Major League Baseball players' strike began; it lasted 12 days.

In 1984, Marvin Gaye was shot to death by his father, Marvin Gay, Sr. in Los Angeles, the day before the recording star's 45th birthday. (The elder Gay pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and received probation.)

In 1987, in his first speech on the AIDS epidemic, President Ronald Reagan told doctors in Philadelphia, "We've declared AIDS public health enemy no. 1."

In 1992, the National Hockey League Players' Association went on its first-ever strike, which lasted 10 days.

In 2003, American troops entered a hospital in Nasiriyah, Iraq, and rescued Army Pfc. Jessica Lynch, who had been held prisoner since her unit was ambushed on March 23.

Ten years ago: Roman Catholic cardinals across Europe used their Holy Thursday sermons to defend Pope Benedict XVI from accusations he'd played a role in covering up sex abuse scandals. Dayton denied the previous year's national champs another title as the Flyers beat North Carolina 79-68 to win the NIT. Actor John Forsythe, 92, died in Santa Ynez, California.

Five years ago: Sen. Bob Menendez, D-N.J., was charged with accepting nearly $1 million worth of gifts and travel from a longtime friend in exchange for a stream of political favors on the donor's behalf; a defiant Menendez, maintaining his innocence, declared he was "not going anywhere." (The Justice Department dropped charges after a trial ended in a hung jury.) Eleven former Atlanta public school educators were convicted of racketeering for their role in a cheating scheme to inflate students' scores on standardized exams. California Gov. Jerry Brown ordered officials to impose statewide mandatory water restrictions for the first time in history. Cynthia Lennon, the first wife of John Lennon, died at her home in Spain; she was 75.

One year ago: Britain's parliament rejected four alternatives to the government's European Union divorce deal, options that would have softened or even halted the departure; the votes left the U.K. with 12 days to come up with a new plan or crash out of the bloc in chaos. A second woman said former Vice President Joe Biden had acted inappropriately, touching her face with both hands and rubbing noses with her in 2009. Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika agreed to step down before the end of his fourth term in April, yielding to growing calls for his resignation after two decades in power.

Today's Birthdays: Actress Jane Powell is 91. Actor Don Hastings is 86. Baseball Hall of Famer Phil Niekro is 81. Actress Ali MacGraw is 81. Rhythm-and-blues singer Rudolph Isley is 81. Reggae singer Jimmy Cliff is 72. Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito is 70. Rock musician Billy Currie (Ultravox) is 70. Actress Annette O'Toole is 68. Movie director Barry Sonnenfeld is 67. Singer Susan Boyle is 59. Actor Jose Zuniga is 58. Country singer Woody Lee is 52. Actress Jessica Collins is 49. Rapper-actor Method Man is 49. Movie directors Albert and Allen Hughes are 48. Political commentator Rachel Maddow is 47. Former tennis player Magdalena Maleeva is 45. Actor David Oyelowo is 44. Actor JJ Field is 42. Singer Bijou Phillips is 40. Actor Sam Huntington is 38. Comedian-actor Taran Killam is 38. Actor Matt Lanter is 37. Actor Josh Zuckerman is 35. Country singer Hillary Scott (Lady Antebellum) is 34. Rock drummer Arejay Hale (Halestorm) is 33. Actor Asa Butterfield is 23. Actor Tyler Wladis is 10.

Thought for Today: "Our wisdom comes from our experience, and our experience comes from our foolishness." — Sacha Guitry, Russian-born French actor-writer-director (1885-1957).

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>Today is Wednesday, April 1, the 92nd day of 2020. There are 274 days left in the year.Today's Highlight in History:On April 1, 1976, Apple Computer was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne.On this date:In 1789, the U.S. House of Representatives held its first full meeting in New York; Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania was elected the first House speaker.In 1891, the Wrigley Co. was founded in Chicago by William Wrigley, Jr.In 1917, Scott Joplin, "The King of Ragtime Writers," died at a New York City hospital; he was believed to have been 49 years old.In 1945, American forces launched the amphibious invasion of Okinawa during World War II. (U.S. forces succeeded in capturing the Japanese island on June 22.)In 1954, the United States Air Force Academy was established by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.In 1963, New York City's daily newspapers resumed publishing after settlement was reached in a 114-day strike. The daytime drama "General Hospital" premiered on ABC-TV.In 1970, President Richard M. Nixon signed a measure banning cigarette advertising on radio and television, to take effect after Jan. 1, 1971.In 1972, the first Major League Baseball players' strike began; it lasted 12 days.In 1984, Marvin Gaye was shot to death by his father, Marvin Gay, Sr. in Los Angeles, the day before the recording star's 45th birthday. (The elder Gay pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and received probation.)In 1987, in his first speech on the AIDS epidemic, President Ronald Reagan told doctors in Philadelphia, "We've declared AIDS public health enemy no. 1."In 1992, the National Hockey League Players' Association went on its first-ever strike, which lasted 10 days.In 2003, American troops entered a hospital in Nasiriyah, Iraq, and rescued Army Pfc. Jessica Lynch, who had been held prisoner since her unit was ambushed on March 23.Ten years ago: Roman Catholic cardinals across Europe used their Holy Thursday sermons to defend Pope Benedict XVI from accusations he'd played a role in covering up sex abuse scandals. Dayton denied the previous year's national champs another title as the Flyers beat North Carolina 79-68 to win the NIT. Actor John Forsythe, 92, died in Santa Ynez, California.Five years ago: Sen. Bob Menendez, D-N.J., was charged with accepting nearly $1 million worth of gifts and travel from a longtime friend in exchange for a stream of political favors on the donor's behalf; a defiant Menendez, maintaining his innocence, declared he was "not going anywhere." (The Justice Department dropped charges after a trial ended in a hung jury.) Eleven former Atlanta public school educators were convicted of racketeering for their role in a cheating scheme to inflate students' scores on standardized exams. California Gov. Jerry Brown ordered officials to impose statewide mandatory water restrictions for the first time in history. Cynthia Lennon, the first wife of John Lennon, died at her home in Spain; she was 75.One year ago: Britain's parliament rejected four alternatives to the government's European Union divorce deal, options that would have softened or even halted the departure; the votes left the U.K. with 12 days to come up with a new plan or crash out of the bloc in chaos. A second woman said former Vice President Joe Biden had acted inappropriately, touching her face with both hands and rubbing noses with her in 2009. Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika agreed to step down before the end of his fourth term in April, yielding to growing calls for his resignation after two decades in power.Today's Birthdays: Actress Jane Powell is 91. Actor Don Hastings is 86. Baseball Hall of Famer Phil Niekro is 81. Actress Ali MacGraw is 81. Rhythm-and-blues singer Rudolph Isley is 81. Reggae singer Jimmy Cliff is 72. Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito is 70. Rock musician Billy Currie (Ultravox) is 70. Actress Annette O'Toole is 68. Movie director Barry Sonnenfeld is 67. Singer Susan Boyle is 59. Actor Jose Zuniga is 58. Country singer Woody Lee is 52. Actress Jessica Collins is 49. Rapper-actor Method Man is 49. Movie directors Albert and Allen Hughes are 48. Political commentator Rachel Maddow is 47. Former tennis player Magdalena Maleeva is 45. Actor David Oyelowo is 44. Actor JJ Field is 42. Singer Bijou Phillips is 40. Actor Sam Huntington is 38. Comedian-actor Taran Killam is 38. Actor Matt Lanter is 37. Actor Josh Zuckerman is 35. Country singer Hillary Scott (Lady Antebellum) is 34. Rock drummer Arejay Hale (Halestorm) is 33. Actor Asa Butterfield is 23. Actor Tyler Wladis is 10.Thought for Today: "Our wisdom comes from our experience, and our experience comes from our foolishness." — Sacha Guitry, Russian-born French actor-writer-director (1885-1957).Copyright 2020, The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

Today in History -- April 1

SHAWNEE COUNTY — Law enforcement authorities are investigating two suspects arrested after an early morning traffic stop.

Just before&nbsp;&nbsp;2:30 a.m. Tuesday, a Sheriff’s Office deputy stopped a 2005 Chrysler 300 on NW US 75 Highway and NW 46th Street, according to Deputy Abigail. Christian 

The vehicle had four occupants inside and two had warrants for their arrests including Michael D. Johnson, 53, of Topeka, who was arrested for a felony parole violation warrant. Deputies also arrested Megan N. Fender, 29, of Topeka was arrested for a misdemeanor warrant.

Johnson and Fender were both booked into the Shawnee County Department of Corrections.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/3/1585697219361.png" alt="Fender photo Shawnee Co." />
 <figcaption>Fender photo Shawnee Co.</figcaption>
 </figure>SHAWNEE COUNTY — Law enforcement authorities are investigating two suspects arrested after an early morning traffic stop.Just before&nbsp;&nbsp;2:30 a.m. Tuesday, a Sheriff’s Office deputy stopped a 2005 Chrysler 300 on NW US 75 Highway and NW 46th Street, according to Deputy Abigail. Christian The vehicle had four occupants inside and two had warrants for their arrests including Michael D. Johnson, 53, of Topeka, who was arrested for a felony parole violation warrant. Deputies also arrested Megan N. Fender, 29, of Topeka was arrested for a misdemeanor warrant.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/3/1585697152048.png" alt="Michael Johnson photo Shawnee Co." />
 <figcaption>Michael Johnson photo Shawnee Co.</figcaption>
 </figure>Johnson and Fender were both booked into the Shawnee County Department of Corrections.-

Deputies catch wanted Kansas felon during traffic stop

SEDGWICK COUNTY&nbsp; — Law enforcement authorities are investigating a homicide after a man was found in a Sedgwick County ditch with multiple stab wounds, according to Sheriff Jeff Easter.&nbsp;

The victim identified as 26-year-old Zackary Tilson was found in the 5500 Block of west 85th Street North near Valley Center on Friday morning, according to Lt. Tim Myers.&nbsp;&nbsp;

On Saturday, authorities arrested Jeremy T. Shuflat, 37, for warrants and he was booked in the Sedgwick County Adult Detention Facility.&nbsp; During the investigation, authorities identified Shuflat as the suspect in Tilson's murder, according to Sheriff Easter.&nbsp; On Tuesday afternoon, authorities added&nbsp; a requested charge of first-degree murder against Shuflat. No bond is listed for him

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/3/1585685933852.png" alt="Shuflat-photo Sedgwick County" />
 <figcaption>Shuflat-photo Sedgwick County</figcaption>
 </figure>SEDGWICK COUNTY&nbsp; — Law enforcement authorities are investigating a homicide after a man was found in a Sedgwick County ditch with multiple stab wounds, according to Sheriff Jeff Easter.&nbsp;The victim identified as 26-year-old Zackary Tilson was found in the 5500 Block of west 85th Street North near Valley Center on Friday morning, according to Lt. Tim Myers.&nbsp;&nbsp;On Saturday, authorities arrested Jeremy T. Shuflat, 37, for warrants and he was booked in the Sedgwick County Adult Detention Facility.&nbsp; During the investigation, authorities identified Shuflat as the suspect in Tilson's murder, according to Sheriff Easter.&nbsp; On Tuesday afternoon, authorities added&nbsp; a requested charge of first-degree murder against Shuflat. No bond is listed for him

Sheriff: Suspect jailed for murder of man found in Kan. ditch

OCCK, Inc. Transportation is further adjusting service levels for CityGo public transportation beginning Wednesday and continuing until further notice, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Beginning Wednesday,&nbsp; CityGo buses will only run from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., Monday through Saturday, with no peak routes running. Passengers will be required to observe social distancing requirements.&nbsp; Additional buses may be dispatched if needed.

For regional paratransit and the City of Abilene public transportation, non-essential subscription rides will be suspended.&nbsp; Essential rides, those trips to work, medical appointments, and those for nutrition (groceries, etc., will be booked no more than 24-48 hours in advance and scheduled based on the number of drivers fit for duty.&nbsp; Passengers will be scheduled to meet social distancing recommendations.

81 Connection will run the regular morning route (SB Link 1 &amp; NB Link 1, but will only run the Salina-Belleville-Salina (NB Link 3 &amp; SB Link 3) route in the afternoon, each day Monday through Friday.&nbsp; Passengers will be required to observe social distancing requirements.

Services levels will continue to be adjusted as the situation warrants.&nbsp; Information will be submitted to the media, posted on Facebook and the OCCK Transportation website.

For more information about OCCK, Inc., visit <a href="http://www.occk.com">www.occk.com</a>.&nbsp; For more information about CityGo and OCCK Transportation, visit&nbsp;<a href="http://www.salinacitygo.com/" target="_blank">www.salinacitygo.com</a>&nbsp;or contact the OCCK Transportation Center at 785-826-1583.

OCCK, Inc. Transportation is further adjusting service levels for CityGo public transportation beginning Wednesday and continuing until further notice, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.Beginning Wednesday,&nbsp; CityGo buses will only run from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., Monday through Saturday, with no peak routes running. Passengers will be required to observe social distancing requirements.&nbsp; Additional buses may be dispatched if needed.For regional paratransit and the City of Abilene public transportation, non-essential subscription rides will be suspended.&nbsp; Essential rides, those trips to work, medical appointments, and those for nutrition (groceries, etc., will be booked no more than 24-48 hours in advance and scheduled based on the number of drivers fit for duty.&nbsp; Passengers will be scheduled to meet social distancing recommendations.81 Connection will run the regular morning route (SB Link 1 &amp; NB Link 1, but will only run the Salina-Belleville-Salina (NB Link 3 &amp; SB Link 3) route in the afternoon, each day Monday through Friday.&nbsp; Passengers will be required to observe social distancing requirements.Services levels will continue to be adjusted as the situation warrants.&nbsp; Information will be submitted to the media, posted on Facebook and the OCCK Transportation website.For more information about OCCK, Inc., visit <a href="http://www.occk.com">www.occk.com</a>.&nbsp; For more information about CityGo and OCCK Transportation, visit&nbsp;<a href="http://www.salinacitygo.com/" target="_blank">www.salinacitygo.com</a>&nbsp;or contact the OCCK Transportation Center at 785-826-1583.

OCCK Transportation adjusts service levels

NEW YORK (AP) — When will the money arrive?

That’s the urgent question for small business owners who have been devastated by the coronavirus outbreak. They’re awaiting help from the $2 trillion rescue package signed into law Friday. But with bills fast coming due, no end to business closings and an economy that’s all but shut down, owners are worried about survival.

Millions of owners face April 1 due dates for rent, mortgage, credit card and other payments. Some have been granted leniency from landlords and lenders. But even then, there are other business and personal bills that are owed. And employees — at least those who haven’t been laid off — must be paid.

“How quick can we get these funds?” says Adam Rammel, co-owner of Brewfontaine, a bar and restaurant in Bellefontaine, Ohio, that’s now limited to takeout and delivery service. His revenue is down 60%. Yet he has eight staffers, down from his usual 25, whom he must pay.

“Relief can’t come soon enough — we’re a cash business with small margins,” says Rammel, who is looking to Small Business Administration loans. He needs the money despite receiving some concessions from his banker.

Freelancers and people whose gig work has vanished are also anxious about having to wait.

“I need to pay my electric bill and the mortgage,” says Krista Kowalcyzk, whose Southwest Florida photography business has come to a halt as weddings have been canceled and customers have decided against having portraits shot.

She feels somewhat reassured that she can receive unemployment benefits. But while she waits, “I am terrified that not only do I have no revenue coming in, I have also been asked for thousands of dollars in refunds.”

At companies small and large, from restaurants and retailers to sports and entertainment venues, revenue has essentially dried up. The same for the businesses that support those companies. Even employers that are still operating have lost business as their customers have became too cautious to continue doing business.

The rescue package signed into law Friday provides for Small Business Administration loans to companies as well as to sole proprietors and freelancers. The loans can be used for payroll, mortgages, rent and utilities, with those amounts forgiven and payments deferred. It will also supply small loans that can, depending on an owner’s credit score, be approved quickly. Employers can receive tax credits for retaining workers, though not if they have obtained one of the SBA loans.

Many owners are also seeking separate SBA economic injury disaster loans. And the Federal Reserve plans to set up a program to lend directly to small business owners.

In addition, freelancers are now eligible for unemployment benefits. And owners can be eligible for the $1,200 per person payment that’s available to many Americans depending on their income.

Whatever the source of funding, how fast it arrives at businesses across the country is sure to have a significant impact on the economy. Slightly more than half of American workers are employed at businesses with 500 or fewer employees. Every lost job means another person will struggle to pay rent or other bills. Unpaid bills, in turn, cut revenue for other businesses.

Layoffs are mounting, and most analysts forecast that the economy will shrink significantly in the April-June quarter, with some estimating a a 30% annual plunge for the quarter. That would be deepest economic contraction for any quarter in records dating to Word War II. In the week that ended March 21, roughly 3.3 million people applied for unemployment benefits — more than 10 times the number for the previous week and nearly five times the prior record high.

Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin has said the small loans would be available starting Friday, and in an interview with the Fox Business Network, Mnuchin said he hoped to release loan forms later Monday.

Katie Vliestra, an executive at the National Association for the Self-Employed, an advocacy group, says she’s concerned about the lag time between application and approval for even the small loans that are intended to have the fastest turnaround. Most small companies have only 15 to 30 days of cash on hand, she said.

There are also worries about potential logjams at the SBA. The agency’s inspector general’s office found that the SBA failed to quickly turn around thousands of loans after Hurricane Harvey devastated the Houston area in 2017. (The SBA didn’t immediately respond to a request for information about handling an influx of applications.)

John Arensmeyer, CEO of the advocacy group Small Business Majority, says he’s concerned that the loans will be processed through the SBA’s traditional business loan program, which relies on banks to handle the initial applications.

“Banks have to retool their technology to do this,” Arensmeyer says. “It’s going to be months before this money gets out there. How many people are going to be able to maintain payroll, hoping to get this money?”

On its face, the rescue aid appears to address some of the most vital needs of small businesses, notably their ability to maintain or hire back furloughed workers eventually. The issue is whether it will come quickly enough.

“The challenge is cash flow,” says Jason Duff, owner of Six Hundred Downtown, a restaurant in Bellefontaine, Ohio. He has a staff of eight, down from 27, handling deliveries and pickups.

Duff has less than a week of working capital funds available. He is seeking loans from family and friends as well as some patience from vendors while he awaits federal help.

Don Allison has bills coming due this week for his business, a publisher of books about the Civil War and northwest Ohio history. He and his wife are looking forward to a combined $2,400. But the royalty checks he must send out require a bigger cash infusion. And he’s concerned about being in a long line of owners hoping to receive SBA loans.

“They’re going to be slammed,” Allison says of the SBA. “How big a delay is there going to be?”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/3/1585342982232.png" alt="President Trump signed the $2.2T virus aid package Friday -photo courtesy White House" />
 <figcaption>President Trump signed the $2.2T virus aid package Friday -photo courtesy White House</figcaption>
 </figure>NEW YORK (AP) — When will the money arrive?That’s the urgent question for small business owners who have been devastated by the coronavirus outbreak. They’re awaiting help from the $2 trillion rescue package signed into law Friday. But with bills fast coming due, no end to business closings and an economy that’s all but shut down, owners are worried about survival.Millions of owners face April 1 due dates for rent, mortgage, credit card and other payments. Some have been granted leniency from landlords and lenders. But even then, there are other business and personal bills that are owed. And employees — at least those who haven’t been laid off — must be paid.“How quick can we get these funds?” says Adam Rammel, co-owner of Brewfontaine, a bar and restaurant in Bellefontaine, Ohio, that’s now limited to takeout and delivery service. His revenue is down 60%. Yet he has eight staffers, down from his usual 25, whom he must pay.“Relief can’t come soon enough — we’re a cash business with small margins,” says Rammel, who is looking to Small Business Administration loans. He needs the money despite receiving some concessions from his banker.Freelancers and people whose gig work has vanished are also anxious about having to wait.“I need to pay my electric bill and the mortgage,” says Krista Kowalcyzk, whose Southwest Florida photography business has come to a halt as weddings have been canceled and customers have decided against having portraits shot.She feels somewhat reassured that she can receive unemployment benefits. But while she waits, “I am terrified that not only do I have no revenue coming in, I have also been asked for thousands of dollars in refunds.”At companies small and large, from restaurants and retailers to sports and entertainment venues, revenue has essentially dried up. The same for the businesses that support those companies. Even employers that are still operating have lost business as their customers have became too cautious to continue doing business.The rescue package signed into law Friday provides for Small Business Administration loans to companies as well as to sole proprietors and freelancers. The loans can be used for payroll, mortgages, rent and utilities, with those amounts forgiven and payments deferred. It will also supply small loans that can, depending on an owner’s credit score, be approved quickly. Employers can receive tax credits for retaining workers, though not if they have obtained one of the SBA loans.Many owners are also seeking separate SBA economic injury disaster loans. And the Federal Reserve plans to set up a program to lend directly to small business owners.In addition, freelancers are now eligible for unemployment benefits. And owners can be eligible for the $1,200 per person payment that’s available to many Americans depending on their income.Whatever the source of funding, how fast it arrives at businesses across the country is sure to have a significant impact on the economy. Slightly more than half of American workers are employed at businesses with 500 or fewer employees. Every lost job means another person will struggle to pay rent or other bills. Unpaid bills, in turn, cut revenue for other businesses.Layoffs are mounting, and most analysts forecast that the economy will shrink significantly in the April-June quarter, with some estimating a a 30% annual plunge for the quarter. That would be deepest economic contraction for any quarter in records dating to Word War II. In the week that ended March 21, roughly 3.3 million people applied for unemployment benefits — more than 10 times the number for the previous week and nearly five times the prior record high.Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin has said the small loans would be available starting Friday, and in an interview with the Fox Business Network, Mnuchin said he hoped to release loan forms later Monday.Katie Vliestra, an executive at the National Association for the Self-Employed, an advocacy group, says she’s concerned about the lag time between application and approval for even the small loans that are intended to have the fastest turnaround. Most small companies have only 15 to 30 days of cash on hand, she said.There are also worries about potential logjams at the SBA. The agency’s inspector general’s office found that the SBA failed to quickly turn around thousands of loans after Hurricane Harvey devastated the Houston area in 2017. (The SBA didn’t immediately respond to a request for information about handling an influx of applications.)John Arensmeyer, CEO of the advocacy group Small Business Majority, says he’s concerned that the loans will be processed through the SBA’s traditional business loan program, which relies on banks to handle the initial applications.“Banks have to retool their technology to do this,” Arensmeyer says. “It’s going to be months before this money gets out there. How many people are going to be able to maintain payroll, hoping to get this money?”On its face, the rescue aid appears to address some of the most vital needs of small businesses, notably their ability to maintain or hire back furloughed workers eventually. The issue is whether it will come quickly enough.“The challenge is cash flow,” says Jason Duff, owner of Six Hundred Downtown, a restaurant in Bellefontaine, Ohio. He has a staff of eight, down from 27, handling deliveries and pickups.Duff has less than a week of working capital funds available. He is seeking loans from family and friends as well as some patience from vendors while he awaits federal help.Don Allison has bills coming due this week for his business, a publisher of books about the Civil War and northwest Ohio history. He and his wife are looking forward to a combined $2,400. But the royalty checks he must send out require a bigger cash infusion. And he’s concerned about being in a long line of owners hoping to receive SBA loans.“They’re going to be slammed,” Allison says of the SBA. “How big a delay is there going to be?”

Urgent question from small businesses: When will aid arrive?

Today is Tuesday, March 31, the 91st day of 2020. There are 275 days left in the year.

On March 31, 1968, at the conclusion of a nationally broadcast address on Vietnam, President Lyndon B. Johnson stunned listeners by declaring, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President."

In 1811, German scientist Robert Bunsen, who helped develop the Bunsen burner, was born.

In 1880, Wabash, Ind., became the first town in the world to be illuminated by electrical lighting.

In 1931, Notre Dame college football coach Knute Rockne, 43, was killed in the crash of a TWA plane near Bazaar, Kan.

In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Emergency Conservation Work Act, which created the Civilian Conservation Corps.

In 1943, "Oklahoma!," the first musical play by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, opened on Broadway.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573488868914.jpeg" alt="Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a>" />
 <figcaption>Photo of old book courtesy <a href="http://shutterstock.com">shutterstock</a></figcaption>
 </figure>Today is Tuesday, March 31, the 91st day of 2020. There are 275 days left in the year.Today's Highlight in History:On March 31, 1968, at the conclusion of a nationally broadcast address on Vietnam, President Lyndon B. Johnson stunned listeners by declaring, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President."On this date:In 1811, German scientist Robert Bunsen, who helped develop the Bunsen burner, was born.In 1880, Wabash, Ind., became the first town in the world to be illuminated by electrical lighting.In 1931, Notre Dame college football coach Knute Rockne, 43, was killed in the crash of a TWA plane near Bazaar, Kan.In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Emergency Conservation Work Act, which created the Civilian Conservation Corps.In 1943, "Oklahoma!," the first musical play by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, opened on Broadway.In 1975, "Gunsmoke" closed out 20 seasons on CBS with its final first-run episode, "The Sharecroppers."In 1976, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that Karen Ann Quinlan, a young woman in a persistent vegetative state, could be disconnected from her respirator. (Quinlan, who remained unconscious, died in 1985.)In 1995, Mexican-American singer Selena Quintanilla-Perez, 23, was shot to death in Corpus Christi, Texas, by the founder of her fan club, Yolanda Saldivar, who was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison.In 2004, four American civilian contractors were killed in Fallujah, Iraq; frenzied crowds dragged the burned, mutilated bodies and strung two of them from a bridge.In 2005, Terri Schiavo, 41, died at a hospice in Pinellas Park, Florida, 13 days after her feeding tube was removed in a wrenching right-to-die court fight.In 2009, Benjamin Netanyahu took office as Israel's new prime minister after the Knesset approved his government.In 2014, an umpire's call was overturned for the first time under Major League Baseball's expanded replay system, with Milwaukee Brewers star Ryan Braun ruled out instead of safe in a game against the Atlanta Braves. (The Brewers won, 2-0.)Ten years ago: President Barack Obama threw open a huge swath of East Coast waters and other protected areas in the Gulf of Mexico and Alaska to oil drilling. A Chechen militant claimed responsibility for deadly attacks on the Moscow subway two days earlier that claimed 40 lives; the claim came hours after two more suicide bombers struck in the southern Russian province of Dagestan, killing a dozen people.Five years ago: Lawyers for Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev rested their case in his federal death penalty trial, a day after they began presenting testimony designed to show his late older brother, Tamerlan, was the mastermind of the 2013 terror attack. Muhammadu Buhari, a former general who once rose to power in a military coup, won Nigeria's presidential election, defeating President Goodluck Jonathan.One year ago: Rapper Nipsey Hussle was fatally shot outside the clothing store he had founded to help rebuild his troubled South Los Angeles neighborhood; he was 33. Former Vice President Joe Biden defended his interactions with women; saying he didn't believe he had ever acted inappropriately. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro announced a 30-day plan to ration electricity, following nationwide power cuts that had inflicted misery on millions of people and ignited protests. Michigan State reached the NCAA Final Four by knocking out overall top seed Duke, 68-67, marking the end of Duke star Zion Williamson's college career; Auburn beat Kentucky 77-71 in overtime to win the Midwest Region finals and reach the Final Four for the first time in school historyToday's Birthdays: Actor William Daniels is 93. Actor Richard Chamberlain is 86. Actress Shirley Jones is 86. Musician Herb Alpert is 85. Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., is 80. Former U.S. Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., is 80. Actor Christopher Walken is 77. Comedian Gabe Kaplan is 76. Sen. Angus King, I-Maine, is 76. Rock musician Mick Ralphs (Bad Company; Mott the Hoople) is 76. Former Vice President Al Gore is 73. Author David Eisenhower is 72. Actress Rhea Perlman is 72. Actor Robbie Coltrane is 70. Actor Ed Marinaro is 70. Rock musician Angus Young (AC/DC) is 65. Actor Marc McClure is 63. Actor William McNamara is 55. Alt-country musician Bob Crawford (The Avett Brothers) is 49. Actor Ewan McGregor is 49. Actress Erica Tazel is 45. Actress Judi Shekoni is 42. Rapper Tony Yayo is 42. Actress Kate Micucci is 40. Actor Brian Tyree Henry (TV: "Atlanta" Stage: "Book of Mormon") is 38. Actress Melissa Ordway is 37. Jazz musician Christian Scott is 37. Pop musician Jack Antonoff (fun.) is 36. Actress Jessica Szohr is 35.Thought for Today: "An optimist may see a light where there is none, but why must the pessimist always run to blow it out?" — Rene Descartes, French philosopher (born this date in 1596, died 1650).Copyright 2020, The Associated Press. All rights reserved.